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1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 2 > Male Reproduction > Flashcards

Male Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the aim of male reproduction?

A

Produce spermatozoa

Transfer it to the female

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2
Q

What is the HPA axis? What regulates it?

A

Hypothalamus produces GnRH
Pituitary produces FSH and LH
Adrenal cortex produces androgen
Regulated by oestrogen and testosterone

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3
Q

What hormones are required for spermatogenesis?

A

FSH

Testosterone (released in presence of LH)

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4
Q

How many weeks doe sit take for spermatogenesis? How many weeks does it take for the spermatids to mature into mature spermatozoa?

A

5-9 weeks

1-2 weeks

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5
Q

WHat is spermatogonia? How many are males born with?

A

Undifferentiated haploid sperm

1000-2000

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6
Q

Where are spermatogonia located? When do they undergo mitosis?

A

Basal lamina of seminiferous tubules

Until puberty

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7
Q

Where are spermatids found? Are they fertile?

A

Lumen of seminiferous tubule

No

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8
Q

What is the order of sperm development?

A 
Spermatogonia 
Primary spermatocyte
Secondary spermatocyte
Spermatid
Mature spermatozoa
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9
Q

What is the sperm testis barrier? What does it do?

A

Physical barrier between blood vessels and seminiferous tubules
Prevents immunological destruction of ‘foreign’ haploid cells

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10
Q

What are the 2 compartments to seminiferous tubules? Which part is in contact with blood vessels?

A

Adluminal and basal

Basal in contact with blood vessels

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11
Q

What separates seminiferous tubules? What are these cells? What do they contain?

A

Gap junctions in sertoli cells
Provide nutrition for sperm and release hormones
Spermatogonia in basal lamina

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12
Q

What are Leydig cells?

A

Cells outside seminiferous tubules

Produce testosterone in presence of LH

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13
Q

What part of the seminiferous tubules is absent in carnivores? What is this?

A

Seminal vesicles

Folded mucosa

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14
Q

What is the rete testis?

A

Duct that connects seminiferous tubules to efferent duct

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15
Q

What does the efferent duct connect?

A

Rete testis to epididymis

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16
Q

GnRH is driven by which hormones? What does this hormone allow and what happens if the pulses are irregular, too slow or too fast?

A

FSH/LH
Allows reproductive function
Infertility

17
Q

What is testosterone? How is it stimulated?

A

Hormone produced by Leydig cells

Stimulated by presence of LH

18
Q

What is the function of testosterone?

A

Promotes accessory glands to secrete seminal fluid
Spermatogenesis
Sex drive
Growth of skeletal muscle and bone

19
Q

What does castration of young animals lead to?

A

Lower growth rate of skeletal muscle and bone

20
Q

What controls the temperature of the testes?

A

Sweat glands
Pampiniform plexus
Tunica Darots (smooth muscle under androgen control)
Cremasteric muscle (skeletal muscle for protection)

21
Q

What 4 things are needed for successful testes function?

A

Correct temperature
Pulses of GnRH (3-6 hours)
High concentrations of testosterone in seminiferous tubules
Adequate LH receptors on Leydig cells

22
Q

What is the epididymis? What does it contain? What parts are there to it?

A

Duct which sperm passes through to ductus deferens
Single tortuous tube containing smooth muscle and epi cells
Head, body, tail

23
Q

Where do spermatozoa mature? Where do they concentrate?

A

Duct in epididymis

Tail

24
Q

How do spermatozoa mature? How long does this take?

A

Testosterone causes changes in the membrane and nucleus

1-2 weeks

25
Q

What are the functions of accessory glands? What hormone are they dependent on?

A

Produce seminal fluid

Testosterone

26
Q

What is the function of seminal fluid?

A

Aid insemination

Not essential

27
Q

What does the prostate gland produce? What does it cover?

A

Seminal fluid called prostate fluid

Ampulla of ductus deferens

28
Q

Which accessory gland is absent in carnivores?

A

Vesicular gland (no seminal vesicles)

29
Q

What gland are dogs missing? What does this do?

A

Bulbourethral gland

Empties seminal fluid into distal urethra

30
Q

What is the order of male puberty?

A

First ejaculation
First ejaculation containing spermatozoa
First ejaculation containing enough spermatozoa to fertilise

31
Q

How is an erection maintained?

A 
Increased arterial flow
Decreased venous flow
Muscles
Vasodilation of corpus sinusoids
Increased intrapenile pressure
32
Q

What is copulation? What are the 4 stages?

A

Sexual intercourse

Mounting, intro mission, friction, emission

33
Q

WHat is emission?

A

Seminal fluid from glands and spermatozoa mix in urethra

Ejacuatlion

1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 2 (63 decks)

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