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1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 2 > Exocrine Pancreas > Flashcards

Exocrine Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the exocrine pancreas?

A

Digestion

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2
Q

Exocrine pancreas is similar to salivary glands. What is the functional anatomy of the exocrine pancreas made up from?

A

Acini - cavity in gland surrounded by secretory cells

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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3
Q

Several excretory ducts (with cuboidal epithelium lining) combine to make what?

A

Accessory pancreas ducts

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4
Q

What are the 2 main components of pancreatic juice?

A

HCO3-

Enzymes

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5
Q

What is the function of HCO3- in pancreatic juice?

A

Neutralise stomach acid to protect small intestine mucosa

Create correct pH for digestive enzymes

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6
Q

What are the functions of the enzymes in pancreatic juice?

A

Digest carbohydrates, proteins and fats for absorption in the small intestine

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7
Q

Pancreatic juice has a similar ionic composition to what?

A

Blood

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8
Q

Describe the ionic composition of pancreatic juice

A

HCO3- actively transported into duct lumen in exchange for Cl-
Water follows by osmosis
H+ transported into blood (negates alkaline tide)
HCO3- is reabsorbed into acinar cells (when normal flow rate). When high flow rate, not enough time to reabsorbed HCO3- so juice is highly alkaline
Constant Na+/K+

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9
Q

Why are proteases secreted into the stomach in an inactive form?

A

To prevent auto digestion of the stomach

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10
Q

What does amylase break down?

A

Starch to maltose

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11
Q

What do lipases/phospholipases break down?

A

Fats to glycerol and fatty acids

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12
Q

Pancreas juice contains what precursor for the enzyme trypsin?

A

Trypsinogen

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13
Q

How is trypsinogen converted to trypsin?

A

By enteropeptidases on the duodenum epithelial surface

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14
Q

What is the function of trypsin? Why do pancreatic cells produce a trypsin inhibitor?

A

Auto catalysis and activation of other proteases

To prevent auto digestion

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15
Q

What are the three phases of digestion?

A

Cephalic phase
Gastric phase
Intestinal phase

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16
Q

What is increased throughout all 3 phases of digestion?

A

Pancreatic juice secretion

17
Q

What is the cephalic phase mediated by?

A

Vagus

18
Q

What is the gastric phase mediated by?

A

Gastrin

19
Q

In carnivores, which phases of digestion are enzymatic?

A

Cephalic

Gastric

20
Q

In pigs/horses, which phases of digestion are enzymatic and ionic?

A

Cephalic

Gastric

21
Q

What is the intestinal phase mediated by?

A

Secretin / CCK

22
Q

What inhibits secretin?

A

Vasoactive inhibitory peptide (VIP)

23
Q

What is secretin? When is it released?

A

A hormone released from the duodenum

In response to H+

24
Q

What does secretin do?

A

Increase HCO3- secretion

25
Q

Secretin works by what feedback mechanism?

A

Negative

As acid chyme is neutralised, stimulus for secretin release decreases

26
Q

What is cholecystokinin? (CKK) When is it released?

A

A hormone release from the duodenum

Released in response to fat/protein metabolites

27
Q

What are fat/protein metabolites?

A

Components that make up fats/proteins e.g. fatty acids, glycerol, peptides

28
Q

What does cholecystokinin do?

A

Increase enzyme secretion

Cause the gall bladder to contract

29
Q

Cholecystokinin works by what feedback mechanism?

A

Positive feedback mechanism

Increased enzyme secretion. More fat/protein metabolites which stimulates more CCK release

30
Q

Physiological features of the exocrine pancreas change between species due to what?

A

Different eating patterns

31
Q

Describe the exocrine pancreas and juice secretion in ruminants

A

Constant secretion

due to constant flow of rumen contents into SI

32
Q

Describe the exocrine pancreas and juice secretion in carnivores?

A

Intermittent secretion

Due to intermittent flow of stomach contents to SI

33
Q

Describe the exocrine pancreas and juice secretion in horses

A

Continuous secretion as stomach contents flows continuously to SI
However increases more after feeding to allow fermentation

34
Q

Pancreatic juice in horses is low in HCO3-. How are horses still able to neutralise stomach acid?

A

Copious secretion of HCO3-

HCO3- secretion by ileum

1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 2 (63 decks)

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