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1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 2 > Urino-genital Anatomy - Female > Flashcards

Urino-genital Anatomy - Female Flashcards

1
Q

What does the word excretion mean?

A

A substance has been absorbed into the blood before leaving the body

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2
Q

What are the functions of the kidney?

A 
regulate fluid/electrolyte balance
Produce hormones
Excrete waste
Gluconeogensis 
Acid/base balance
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3
Q

The kidney can be lobated, but isn’t in a dog. Where is the kidney found?

A

Below 13th rib, dorsal

Retro-peritoneal

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4
Q

What hormones does the kidney produce?

A

Erythropoetin
Renin
Calcitrol

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5
Q

Which kidney is more cranial than the other?

A

Right

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6
Q

The bladder is made up of what parts?

A

Apex (cranial)
Body (caudal)
Neck (caudal - continuous with urethra)

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7
Q

What is the trigone of the bladder?

A

Triangle where the ureters enter and where the urethra leaves the bladder

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8
Q

When empty the bladder is tucked away. When full, where does it extend up to?

A

Umbilicus

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9
Q

Which ligaments attached the bladder to the ventral abdominal wall?

A

Median ligament

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10
Q

Which ligament attaches the bladder to the pelvic wall?

A

Lateral ligament

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11
Q

What are the gonads in a female?

A

Ovaries (including ovarian burns and Fallopian tubes)

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12
Q

What is the uterus made up of?

A

Uterine body
Uterine horns (where the Fallopian tubes meet the body)
Cervix

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13
Q

What is below the cervix?

A

Vagina

Then vestibule

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14
Q

Where are the ovaries located?

A

Level of 13th rib dorsally, level of umbilicus centrally

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15
Q

How can you tell the difference between an active and an inactive uterus?

A

Inactive - smooth muscle

Active- knobbly with corpora lutes and follicles

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16
Q

The ovarian end is funnel shaped and catches eggs. What is this called?

A

Infundibulum

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17
Q

What are the 4 attachments of the ovaries?

A

Mesovarium (ovarian ligament)
Mesosalpinx
Suspensory ligament
Proper ligament

18
Q

What is the mesovarium?

A

Ovarian ligament
Contains ovarian artery/vein
Needs ligating in spay
Continuous with mesometrium (broad ligament)

19
Q

What is the mesosalpinx?

A

Attachment of ovary to Fallopian tube

20
Q

What is the suspensory ligament?

A

Short attachment to ovaries, needs breaking during spay

21
Q

What is the proper ligament?

A

Attachment between ovaries and uterine horn

22
Q

What is the ovarian bursa? What is an issue with this during a bitch spay?

A

Pocket of peritoneum which encloses the ovaries

Obscured by fat - complex

23
Q

What is the difference between a hysterectomy and ovario-hysterectomy?

A

Hysterectomy - just remove uterus

Ovarian - also remove ovaries

24
Q

Why does the uterus need removing during a spay but not the cervix?

A

Cervix is not hormone responsive, unlike the uterus

25
Q

What is the mesometrium?

A

‘Broad ligament’

Attaches uterus to lateral body wall

26
Q

What is the round ligament of the uterus?

A

Foetal remnant of gubernaculum

Within the broad ligament

27
Q

What is different about the bitch cervix that makes it visibly distinguishable from the uterus body?

A

Cervix is muscular

28
Q

What is found between the vagina and vestibule? Where are these structures found?

A

Hymen

Within pelvic canal

29
Q

What is the vestibule bounded by?

A

Labia of vulva

30
Q

What it is the urethral tubercle?

A

Midline ridge on the external urethral opening

(Fossas either side)0

31
Q

What is the glans clitoris? Where is it found?

A

Blind ending

Concealed in a deep fossa under a fold of mucous membrane

32
Q

What is the blood supply to the ovaries?

A

Ovarian/artery and vein
Arterioles our complex
Anastomoses with urine artery and vein

33
Q

What branches to supply the vestibule with blood supply?

A

Vaginal artery and vein

34
Q

How many pairs of mammary glands are there? Where are they located? What is each pair associated with?

A

5 - 2 thoracic, 2 abdominal, 1 inguinal

Each associated with a papilla (teat)

35
Q

In the inguinal region, what is the pair of mammary glands surrounded by?

A

Extensive adipose tissue

36
Q

What is the blood supply to the mammary glands?

A

Cranial & caudal superficial epigastric

37
Q

What is the lymph drainage from the mammary glands?

A

3 cranial pairs by axillary lymph vessel

2 pairs via inguinal lymph vessel

38
Q

What is the perineum?

A

Area beneath the tail and around the anus

39
Q

What is the pelvic diaphragm? Which 5 muscles form it?

A

Where the urino-genital system meets the outside world

Levator ani, coccygeus, rectococcygeus, internal & external anal sphincter, internal obturator

40
Q

What it is the difference in muscle types between the internal and external anal sphincter?

A

Internal - smooth muscle

External - striated

41
Q

weakening of the pelvic diaphragm leads to what?

A

Perineal hernia

Protruding ab contents

1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 2 (63 decks)

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