Regulation Of GI function Flashcards

1
Q

When sensory cells are stimulated, what do they send out a signal to do?

A

Stimulate smooth muscles

Stimulate release of hormones

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2
Q

What do sensory cells detect?

A
Osmolarity 
PH
Stretch
Nutrient/metabolite conc
Irritation of mucous membranes
NOT PAIN
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3
Q

What type of feedback is digestion (mainly) and what coordinates it?

A

Negative feedback

Neural and hormonal regulation

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4
Q

In short reflex arcs of the GI tract, which nervous system is stimulated? Where are these nerve cells?

A

Enteric nervous system

In the wall of the GI tract

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5
Q

In long reflex arcs of the GI system,what nervous system is stimulated?

A

Autonomic
Parasympathetic speeds up digestion
Sympathetic slows down digestion

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6
Q

Most reflex arcs are stimulatory. What is the neurotransmitter for this?

A

Acetylcholine

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7
Q

What are complex reflex arcs?

A

Simple reflex arcs connected by interneurons

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8
Q

In the parasympathetic ANS, where do pre ganglionic fibres run?

A

Vagus nerve

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9
Q

In the parasympathetic ANS, where do post ganglionic fibres run? What do they connect to?

A

Wall of the GI tract

Connect to the enteric nervous system

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10
Q

In the sympathetic nervous system, where do the pre ganglionic fibres run, and what is the neurotransmitter?

A

Splanchnic nerves

Acetylcholine

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11
Q

In the sympathetic nervous system, where do the post ganglionic fibres run and what is their neurotransmitter?

A

Run through organ of innervation or hypogastric nerves

Noradrenaline

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12
Q

What do entero-enteric reflexes do?

A

Coordinate activity between different parts of the GI tract

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13
Q

What are the three phases of regulation?

A

Cephalic (head)
Gastric (stomach)
Intestinal

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14
Q

What stimulates the cephalic phase to cause a release of more gastric juices and which NS controls this?

A

Emotion

ANS

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15
Q

The gastric phase is coordinated by which nervous system and which main hormone?

A

ANS
ENS
Gastrin

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16
Q

Which nervous systems and hormones coordinate the intestinal phase?

A

ANS
ENS
Secretin, CCK, GIP

17
Q

Where is the site of appetite regulation?

A

Hypothalamus

18
Q

What does the ventro lateral hypothalamus cause?

A

Food searching

19
Q

What does the ventro medial hypothalamus cause?

A

Refusal of food (inhibit appetite)

20
Q

The hypothalamus regulates appetite. What are the 3 theories as to how it does this?

A

Measures levels of fat, glucose or CCK

21
Q

What is motility?

A

Coordinated contraction of smooth muscle in the GI tract

22
Q

What are the 4 types of motility?

A

Segmental
Peristalsis
Anti peristalsis
Mass movement

23
Q

What is segmental motility?

A

The mixing of contents and mechanical breakdown

24
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

The movement of intestinal contents in aboral direction

25
What is anti peristalsis?
The movement of intestinal contents in an oral direction
26
What is mass movement?
The emptying of entire sections of the GI tract | Eg. Evacuation of colon contents to rectum
27
In the membrane potential of groups of pacemaker cells, there are approx. 5 per minute of...
Repetitive and spontaneous oscillations
28
If a stimulus is present in pacemaker cells, an action potential causes smooth muscle contraction. The strength of contraction is dependent on what?
The frequency of action potentials