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1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 2 > Eye Anatomy > Flashcards

Eye Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pupil?

A

Opening which allows light to reach retina

Surrounded by iris

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2
Q

What is the ciliary body?

A

The muscle that changes the shape of the lens

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3
Q

What is the function of the cornea, lens and anterior chamber?

A

Refract light

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4
Q

What is the suspensory ligament?

A

Holds the lens of the eye in place

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5
Q

What is the sclera? What does it do?

A

The white of the eyeball

Provides support

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6
Q

WHat is the choroid?

A

A vascular layer in between the retina and sclera

Contains connective tissue

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7
Q

What is the fovea centralis?

A

The point on the retina where visual acuity is highest

No blood vessels

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8
Q

What is the optic disc?

A

The blind spot - where ganglia leave the retina

No photoreceptors

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9
Q

What is the tapetum lucidum?

A

Triangular area below optic nerve
Between retina and choroid
Contains reflective iridescent cells containing crystals

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10
Q

What is the ora serrata?

A

Where photoreceptors end (end of retina)

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11
Q

WHat is the limbus?

A

The transition between the cornea and sclera

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12
Q

How are images formed? (3 processes)

A

Refraction of light
Accommodation of pupil
Constriction of pupil

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13
Q

What is accomodation when image forming?

A

Distance vision - lens flat, lens fibres taught, ciliary muscles relaxed
Close up - lens round, lens fibres relaxed, ciliary muscles contract

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14
Q

How is aqueous humor formed?

A

By the ciliary processes filtering blood plasma

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15
Q

How is aqueous humour drained?

A

Fluid leaks from posterior to anterior chamber, then returns to the circulatory system at the limbus

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16
Q

When doing the pupillary light reflex, which muscles constrict and dilate the pupil?

A

Circular muscles construct

Radial muscles dilate

17
Q

What is strabismus?

A

Abnormal eye position

18
Q

What are the 3 types of strabismus? Which cranial nerve causes this?

A

Medial (CN VI)
Ventrolateral (CN III)
Extorsional (CN IV)

19
Q

What layers make up the retina?

A

Uvea (vascular layer)

Fibrous layer

20
Q

What are the layers & cells of the retina from the outside in?

A

Pigmented epithelial cells
Photoreceptors
Bipolar neutrons
Ganglia to optic nerve

21
Q

What do rods/cones each detect?

A

Rods black and white, low light, high acuity

Cones trichrome, bright light, low acuity

22
Q

Describe the development of the eye?

A

Optic groove develops from forefront
Optic groove surrounded by choroid fissure
Fissures fuse to form the optic cup

23
Q

What is progressive retinal atrophy? WHich species is it common in?

A

Night blindness
Red setter, Abyssinian/Siamese cat
Blood vessels waste away, pupils dilate to compensate

24
Q

What is a detached retina?

A

Nervous part of retina detaches from pigmented layer at optic canal
Retina is deprived of O2 and nutrients

25
Q

What is cataract?

A

Cloudy lens due to age, diabetes and genetics
Can be accompanied by lens luxurious
Lens replacement

26
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

Increased intraoccular pressure
Pain and blindness
Treat with drugs, improve drainage/reduce humor secretion

27
Q

In cats, what can glaucoma be a symptom of?

A

Chronic renal failure

28
Q

What is keratoconjunctivitis sicca?

A

Dry eye
Autoimmune disease - failure to produce lacrimal fluid
Treat with artificial tears

29
Q

What is corneal ulceration? Why can corneas be easily transplanted?

A

Wounds that leaves scars and impair vision

No blood vessels, no immune response

30
Q

What is conjuctivitis?

A

Inflammation of conjuctiva

1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 2 (63 decks)

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