General & SA Dentition Flashcards
What is the name of the tooth socket? What holds this in place?
Alveolus
Periodontal ligament
Most of a tooth is made up of…
Denting
What is the top part of a tooth made up from
Enamel
What part of the tooth is under the gum on the edges?
Cementum
What runs through the centre of the tooth? What does it do? How does it communicate?
Pulp chamber
Communicates with nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic system via apical foramen
What holds the root of the tooth in place?
Alveolar bone held by gingival crevice
What is the origin of enamel? What forms enamel? Why can’t it regenerate?
Ectoderm
Ameloblasts
Acellular
What is the origin of dentine? What cells make it? Does it grow throughout life?
Mesoderm
Odontoblasts
Produced throughout life - large pulp cavity young, smaller when older
What is the difference between osteoblasts and odontoblasts?
Osteoblasts remain in position
Odontoblasts recede to the pulp chamber
What is cementum? What does it originate from? Does it grow?
Calcified connective tissue
Mesoderm
Yes, slowly
What makes up the periodonteum?
Gingiva
Periodontal ligament
Cementum
Alveolar bone
What is the function of the periodonteum?
Absorb stress when bitten down
Anchors teeth
What are gingiva? What are the 2 types of gingiva?
Gums
Oral mucosa covering alveolar processes
Free - towards top of tooth. Attached - bottom of tooth
What epithelium does the gingiva consist of?
Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
What is the gingiva sulcus?
The small gap between the tooth and free gingiva
What is the periodontal ligament composed of? What does it do?
Collagen
Attaches cementum to alveolus, acts as shock absorber (part of periodonteum)
Which nerve innervates all teeth? Which innervates the upper and lower teeth?
V - trigeminal nerve
Upper - maxillar alveolar nerve
Lower - mandibular alveolar nerve
What is the name for 2 sets of teeth - one deciduous, one permanent?
Diphyodont
What is the name for a set of teeth with specialised types?
Heterodoxy
How many teeth are found in a standard mammal? What about a cat? What about a dog?
44
30
42
In a cat, there are 30 teeth. How many teeth are in the deciduous set? When do they erupt? When do the permanent set erupt?
26
6 weeks
6 months
In a dog, there are 42 teeth. How many teeth are in the deciduous set? When do they erupt? When do the permanent set erupt?
28
6 weeks
7 months
What is the name for a set of teeth with a shorter root than crown?
Hypsodont
What is the name for a set of teeth with a low crown and a long, wide root? (Iceberg)
Brachydont
What is the name for a set of teeth that continue to grow throughout life and never develop true roots? (They are always hypsodont)
Aradicular
What is the name for a set of teeth with a true root, and do not continue to grow throughout life? (Can be hypsodont or brachydont)
Radicular
What is a clinical crown?
Exposed part of the tooth
What is the anatomical crown?
Enamel covered part of tooth
Orientation - what does labial mean?
Next to lips
Orientation - what does buccal mean?
Next to cheek
Orientation - what does lingual mean?
Next to tongue
Orientation - what does mesial mean?
Surface touching tooth in front
Orientation- what does distal mean?
Surface touching behind tooth
Orientation - what does occlusal mean?
Masticatory surface (table)
Which are the carnassial teeth? (For tearing)
Upper pre molar 4
Lower molar 1
What type of teeth do carnivores have? What are the 4 types of teeth?
Heterodont, brachydont, radicular
Incisors, canine, molars, premolars
(Carnassial)
What is the carrying space?
The gap between the back teeth - shouldn’t occlude (touch)
What is the pH of the mouth?
7.5
What are 2 types of malocclusion? What do they mean? Which head shape do they commonly occur in?
Prognathism - lower jaw too long, brachycephalic breeds
Brachygnathism - lower jaw too short, dolicoecphalic breeds
What are the 3 stages of periodontal disease?
- Gingivitis
2/ early. Gingivitis and periodontal ligament breakdown - Tooth loss, can lead to oronasal fistula if alveolar bone broken down
What is plaque?
A biofilm formed on teeth by the colonising of bacteria
What is calculus/tartar?
Inorganic substances deposited onto plaque
What are the 2 biggest contributors to periodontal disease?
Plaque and calculus
Which organisms cause tooth decay?
Bacteria
Why might an animal get an abscess?
Periodontal/tooth disease
How are pigs incisors different to other omnivores?
Point forward
What are canines called in pigs? How do they remain sharp? Do they grow throughout life
Tusks - rub against each other
Yes - however females root only open for 2 years
How many teeth do piglets have when born?
8
Premolars and molars are very similar and tubercular in pigs. How do they differ?
Get larger caudaully
At what age do pigs have their full permanent dentition?
18 months
Which teeth make up the carnassials?
Upper - PM 4
Lower - M1
