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1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 2 > Endocrine 3&4 > Flashcards

Endocrine 3&4 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the pituitary gland and which bone protects it?

A

Below hypothalamus

Sphenoid

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2
Q

Where do the anterior and posterior pouches originate from?

A

Anterior - oral ectoderm

Posterior - neural ectoderm

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3
Q

The anterior pituitary has what capillary system?

A

Portal

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4
Q

What hormones does the anterior pituitary produce?

A 
FLATPiG
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
Prolactin
GH
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5
Q

What is the target for all the anterior pituitary hormones except prolactin?

A

Other hormones

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6
Q

What is the function of the posterior pouch? Which hormones are these?

A

Store and release hormones made in the hypothalamus

ADH, oxytocin

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7
Q

Where are the thyroid glands found? How many lobes are there? How do thyroid glands work?

A

Below larynx
2
HPA axis

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8
Q

What are 2 hormones released by the thyroid? What solubility do they have?

A

TSH
TRH
Lipophilic

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9
Q

What are the cells found in the thyroid?

A

Follicular cells

Non follicular cells surrounded by C cells

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10
Q

What do follicular cells in the thyroid gland do? What are the 2 types of cells?

A

Trap iodine and other substances for cell synthesis

T3 (3 iodine’s), T4 4 iodines

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11
Q

Where are thyroid hormones stored?

A

In blood and colloid

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12
Q

All cells have thyroid hormone receptors except…

A

CNS

Testes

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13
Q

What is the function of thyroid hormones? When might this be useful?

A

Increase metabolic rate

Hypothermia - increase heat

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14
Q

When giving drugs for hyperthyroidism, how long do they take to kick in?

A

2-3 months

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of hyperthyroid?

A 
Eat more 
Lose weight
Try lose height - lying down
Scatty - due to increased atonal conductivity
Hyperthermia 
Low TSH levels
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16
Q

What are the symptoms of hypothyroid?

A 
No change in appetite
Weight gain
Intolerance to cold (thin coat, flaky skin)
Lethargy
Poor exercise tolerance
Dull
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17
Q

What is goitre? What might cause this?

A

Swelling of neck due to enlarged thyroid gland

Tumour or iodine deficiency

18
Q

What does HPA axis stand for?

A

Hypothalamic
Pituitary
Adrenal

19
Q

Corticoids are produced in which gland?

A

Adrenal

20
Q

The adrenal gland is made up of how many fused glands? What are the parts of the adrenal gland called?

A

2
Cortex (3 parts - different hormones made in each)
Medulla

21
Q

Are corticoids lipid or water soluble?

A

Lipid

22
Q

One of the main corticoids produced by the adrenal gland is aldosterone. What does this do? What regulates it?

A

Increases potassium secretion. Retains Na/Cl/water

RAAS system

23
Q

Catecholamines are also a type of corticoid. What are the 3 hormones included in this?

A

Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
Dopamine

24
Q

What body function do androgens have an impact on?

A

Reproduction

25
Q

Name some corticoids

A

Aldosterone
Catecholamines
Androgens
Glucocorticoids

26
Q

What do glucocorticoids do?

A

Suppress immune function

Increase glucose plasma levels

27
Q

What is the main glucocorticoid? What does it do?

A

Cortisol

Response to stress, helps with circadian rhythm

28
Q

How is cortisol transported around the body? What feedback does cortisol use?

A

On cholesterol

Negative

29
Q

What are the conditions associated with too much and too little cortisol?

A

Cushing’s disease

Addison’s disease

30
Q

What is the soluble of peptide hormones?

A

Water soluble

31
Q

What is the solubility of steroid hormones?

A

Lipid soluble

32
Q

What is the solubility of hormones derived from AAs?

A

Can be either lipid or water soluble

33
Q

Fatty acid derived hormones are lipid soluble. What are the 4 groups of fatty acid derived hormones?

A

Prostaglandin
Prostacyclin
Leukotrienes
Thromboxane

34
Q

What is somatotropin? Which cells does it impact on? What does it do?

A

Growth hormone
Most
Stimulates protein synthesis and bone elongation
Anabolic

35
Q

What increases somatotropin secretion?

A 
Growth 
Sex steroids
Thyroid hormones
Starvation
Physical activity
36
Q

What is an excess of GH/somatotropin called?

A

Acromegaly

37
Q

Which hormone inhibits growth hormone?

A

Somatostatin

38
Q

What is recombinant bovine somatotropin/ rBST? What does it do

A

Used to enhance lactation
Changes nutrients towards milk production
Increase somatotropin
Not legal in EU - welfare

39
Q

What is melatonin? Where is it secreted from? What is it derived from?

A

Sleep hormone - maintains circadian rhythm
Pineal gland in brain centre
Serotonin

40
Q

When is melatonin very useful?

A

Seasonal breeding animals

41
Q

What hormones do adipocytes secrete? What is the key one? What do they do?

A

Adipokines
Leptin
Bind to receptors on hypothalamus to inhibit hunger

1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 2 (63 decks)

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