Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Phamacology Summer > UPPER RESPIRATORY DRUGS > Flashcards

UPPER RESPIRATORY DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

– 1st Generation Antihistamine

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

– 2nd Generation Antihistamine

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Intranasal Antihistamines

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

c. Azelastine, Olopatadine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Decongestants

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

– Cough Suppressants

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

– Expectorants

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

f. Guaifenesin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mucolytic

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

g. Acetylcysteine

h. Hypertonic Saline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q 
USED TO TREAT:
– Allergies
– Insomnia
– Motion Sickness
– Nausea
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MECHANISM:
– Blocks histamine-1 receptors found centrally and
peripherally in the body
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q 
ADVERSE EFFECTS: Check
– Paradoxical effect in children (rare)
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

• ADVERSE EFFECTS:
– CNS Sedation (dangerous w/ other drugs)
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q 
• ADVERSE EFFECTS:
– Weight gain with longer term use
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

• ADVERSE EFFECTS
Blocking of histamine receptors in brain, also somewhat blocks acetylcholine receptors in the
brain
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q 
• ADVERSE EFFECTS
Can’t see
Can’t pee
Can’t spit
Can’t ****
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Concerns with other diseases
• Geriatrics/Urinary Retention/Glaucoma/Constipation
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate

b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Concerns with other drugs (avoid B drugs)
• Booze (alcohol/EtOH), Benzos (diazepam), Barbiturates
(phenobarbital), Back relaxers (baclofen, cyclobenzaprine),
Big Opioids (morphine),
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate

b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q 
USED TO TREAT:
– Allergies
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MECHANISM:
• Blocks histamine receptors found peripherally
ONLY (limited action in the brain- less drowsy)
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q 
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
• Minimal at normal dose
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Non sedating!
– If you overdosed, it loses peripheral selectivity
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q 
USED TO TREAT:
– seasonal allergic rhinitis
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

c. Azelastine, Olopatadine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

USED TO TREAT:
Intranasal sprays results in LOCAL effect, not
systemic (fewer side effects!)
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

c. Azelastine, Olopatadine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q 
USED TO TREAT:
Primarily for nasal congestion
– Allergies
– Common Cold (VIRUS!)
– SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT ONLY
– Is there a cure for the common cold?
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Decongestants
pseudoephedrine

Oral
Nasal Spray

A

Oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Decongestants phenylephrine/ oxymetazoline Oral Nasal Spray
Nasal Spray
26
``` • USED TO TREAT – Common Cold (VIRUS!) a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine c. Azelastine, Olopatadine d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine ```
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
27
``` • USED TO TREAT – SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT ONLY a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine c. Azelastine, Olopatadine d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine ```
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
28
MECHANISM: – Adrenergic agonists (primarily alpha-1) a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine c. Azelastine, Olopatadine d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
29
MECHANISM – Goal is constriction of nasal blood vessels • Secretions can now drain better a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine c. Azelastine, Olopatadine d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
30
``` • ADVERSE EFFECTS Increased HR, increased BP, dysrhythmias • Anxiety, insomnia, tremor a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine c. Azelastine, Olopatadine d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine ```
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
31
Rebound congestion with? a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine c. Azelastine, Olopatadine d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
Sprays | phenylephrine, oxymetazoline
32
Can damage the nasal mucosa (thinning) a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine c. Azelastine, Olopatadine d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
Sprays | phenylephrine, oxymetazoline
33
Do Not use more than 3 day a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine c. Azelastine, Olopatadine d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
Sprays | phenylephrine, oxymetazoline
34
``` CONTRA-INDICATIONS – known hypertension, heart disease a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine c. Azelastine, Olopatadine d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine ```
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
35
``` CONTRA-INDICATIONS – Other medications that can increase BP a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine c. Azelastine, Olopatadine d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine ```
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
36
``` CONTRA-INDICATIONS glaucoma a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine c. Azelastine, Olopatadine d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine ```
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
37
``` – Screen patients for contra-indications • Heart disease/HTN • Glaucoma a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine c. Azelastine, Olopatadine d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine ```
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
38
``` DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS: You cannot mix sympathomimetics with an antidepressant drug class called MAO-I’s a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine c. Azelastine, Olopatadine d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine ```
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
39
DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS: • MonoAmine Oxidase Inhibitor= phenelzine a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine c. Azelastine, Olopatadine d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
40
DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS: • Pseudoephedrine+ phenelzine= INCREASE BP!!!! a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine c. Azelastine, Olopatadine d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
41
Opioid- Antitussive e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan f. Guaifenesin g. Acetylcysteine h. Hypertonic Saline
Codeine
42
Non opioid- Antitussive e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan f. Guaifenesin g. Acetylcysteine h. Hypertonic Saline
Benzonatate,
43
Opioid-Derived-Antitussive e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan f. Guaifenesin g. Acetylcysteine h. Hypertonic Saline
Dextromethorphan
44
``` USED TO TREAT: – Dry, nonproductive cough e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan f. Guaifenesin g. Acetylcysteine h. Hypertonic Saline ```
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
45
COUGH SUPRESSION/ Anti-tussive e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan f. Guaifenesin g. Acetylcysteine h. Hypertonic Saline
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
46
``` ADVERSE EFFECTS • Don’t chew, can numb the mouth! • Can cause drowsiness e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan f. Guaifenesin g. Acetylcysteine h. Hypertonic Saline ```
Benzonatate
47
``` ADVERSE EFFECTS • Don’t chew, can numb the mouth! e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan f. Guaifenesin g. Acetylcysteine h. Hypertonic Saline ```
Benzonatate
48
ADVERSE EFFECTS Known to be mis-used (can cause hallucinations) e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan f. Guaifenesin g. Acetylcysteine h. Hypertonic Saline
Dextromethorphan
49
DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION: MAO-I’s, a type of old antidepressant (prototype=phenelzine e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan f. Guaifenesin g. Acetylcysteine h. Hypertonic Saline
Dextromethorphan
50
Do NOT GIVE TOGETHER = “Serotonin Syndrome” e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan f. Guaifenesin g. Acetylcysteine h. Hypertonic Saline
Dextromethorphan
51
No more than 5 days (this means its time to be seen by a prescriber!) this is sold OTC e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan f. Guaifenesin g. Acetylcysteine h. Hypertonic Saline
Dextromethorphan
52
Dextromethorphan | No more than ? days (this means its time to be seen by a prescriber!) this is sold ?
5 | OTC
53
Oral medication that helps facilitate removal of secretions commonly seen with colds/upper respiratory tract infections e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan f. Guaifenesin g. Acetylcysteine h. Hypertonic Saline
f. Guaifenesin
54
Essentially this helps break up thick mucus (productive cough) e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan f. Guaifenesin g. Acetylcysteine h. Hypertonic Saline
f. Guaifenesin
55
ADMINISTRATION Take with full glass of water- Take gua with agua e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan f. Guaifenesin g. Acetylcysteine h. Hypertonic Saline
f. Guaifenesin
56
Take gua with agua e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan f. Guaifenesin g. Acetylcysteine h. Hypertonic Saline
f. Guaifenesin
57
Guaifenesin Take with full glass of?
Water Agua
58
USED TO TREAT: – Intended to be inhaled to help decrease viscosity of mucus secretions e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan f. Guaifenesin g. Acetylcysteine + Hypertonic Saline
g. Acetylcysteine + Hypertonic Saline
59
``` ADVERSE EFFECTS Smells like ROTTEN EGGS! e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan f. Guaifenesin g. Acetylcysteine + Hypertonic Saline ```
g. Acetylcysteine + Hypertonic Saline
60
``` ADMINISTRATION Inhaled is via nebulizer e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan f. Guaifenesin g. Acetylcysteine + Hypertonic Saline ```
g. Acetylcysteine + Hypertonic Saline

Phamacology Summer (48 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions