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Phamacology Summer > UPPER RESPIRATORY DRUGS > Flashcards

UPPER RESPIRATORY DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

– 1st Generation Antihistamine

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate

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2
Q

– 2nd Generation Antihistamine

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine

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3
Q

Intranasal Antihistamines

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

c. Azelastine, Olopatadine

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4
Q

Decongestants

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

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5
Q

– Cough Suppressants

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan

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6
Q

– Expectorants

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

f. Guaifenesin

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7
Q

Mucolytic

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

g. Acetylcysteine

h. Hypertonic Saline

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8
Q 
USED TO TREAT:
– Allergies
– Insomnia
– Motion Sickness
– Nausea
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate

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9
Q

MECHANISM:
– Blocks histamine-1 receptors found centrally and
peripherally in the body
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate

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10
Q 
ADVERSE EFFECTS: Check
– Paradoxical effect in children (rare)
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate

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11
Q

• ADVERSE EFFECTS:
– CNS Sedation (dangerous w/ other drugs)
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate

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12
Q 
• ADVERSE EFFECTS:
– Weight gain with longer term use
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate

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13
Q

• ADVERSE EFFECTS
Blocking of histamine receptors in brain, also somewhat blocks acetylcholine receptors in the
brain
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate

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14
Q 
• ADVERSE EFFECTS
Can’t see
Can’t pee
Can’t spit
Can’t ****
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate

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15
Q

Concerns with other diseases
• Geriatrics/Urinary Retention/Glaucoma/Constipation
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate

b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine

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16
Q

Concerns with other drugs (avoid B drugs)
• Booze (alcohol/EtOH), Benzos (diazepam), Barbiturates
(phenobarbital), Back relaxers (baclofen, cyclobenzaprine),
Big Opioids (morphine),
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate

b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine

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17
Q 
USED TO TREAT:
– Allergies
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine

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18
Q

MECHANISM:
• Blocks histamine receptors found peripherally
ONLY (limited action in the brain- less drowsy)
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine

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19
Q 
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
• Minimal at normal dose
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine

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20
Q

ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Non sedating!
– If you overdosed, it loses peripheral selectivity
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine

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21
Q 
USED TO TREAT:
– seasonal allergic rhinitis
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

c. Azelastine, Olopatadine

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22
Q

USED TO TREAT:
Intranasal sprays results in LOCAL effect, not
systemic (fewer side effects!)
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

c. Azelastine, Olopatadine

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23
Q 
USED TO TREAT:
Primarily for nasal congestion
– Allergies
– Common Cold (VIRUS!)
– SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT ONLY
– Is there a cure for the common cold?
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

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24
Q

Decongestants
pseudoephedrine

Oral
Nasal Spray

A

Oral

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25
Q

Decongestants
phenylephrine/ oxymetazoline

Oral
Nasal Spray

A

Nasal Spray

26
Q 
• USED TO TREAT
– Common Cold (VIRUS!)
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

27
Q 
• USED TO TREAT
– SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT ONLY
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

28
Q

MECHANISM:
– Adrenergic agonists (primarily alpha-1)
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

29
Q

MECHANISM
– Goal is constriction of nasal blood vessels
• Secretions can now drain better
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

30
Q 
• ADVERSE EFFECTS
Increased HR, increased BP, dysrhythmias
• Anxiety, insomnia, tremor
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

31
Q

Rebound congestion with?

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

Sprays

phenylephrine, oxymetazoline

32
Q

Can damage the nasal mucosa (thinning)

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

Sprays

phenylephrine, oxymetazoline

33
Q

Do Not use more than 3 day

a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

Sprays

phenylephrine, oxymetazoline

34
Q 
CONTRA-INDICATIONS
– known hypertension, heart disease
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

35
Q 
CONTRA-INDICATIONS
– Other medications that can increase BP
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

36
Q 
CONTRA-INDICATIONS
glaucoma
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

37
Q 
– Screen patients for contra-indications
• Heart disease/HTN
• Glaucoma
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

38
Q 
DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS:
You cannot mix sympathomimetics with an
antidepressant drug class called MAO-I’s
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
A

d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

39
Q

DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS:
• MonoAmine Oxidase Inhibitor= phenelzine
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

40
Q

DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS:
• Pseudoephedrine+ phenelzine= INCREASE BP!!!!
a. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
b. Loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
c. Azelastine, Olopatadine
d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

A

d. Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

41
Q

Opioid- Antitussive

e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

Codeine

42
Q

Non opioid- Antitussive

e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

Benzonatate,

43
Q

Opioid-Derived-Antitussive

e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

Dextromethorphan

44
Q 
USED TO TREAT:
– Dry, nonproductive cough
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline
A

e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan

45
Q

COUGH SUPRESSION/ Anti-tussive

e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan

46
Q 
ADVERSE EFFECTS
• Don’t chew, can numb the mouth!
• Can cause drowsiness
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline
A

Benzonatate

47
Q 
ADVERSE EFFECTS
• Don’t chew, can numb the mouth!
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline
A

Benzonatate

48
Q

ADVERSE EFFECTS
Known to be mis-used (can cause hallucinations)
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

Dextromethorphan

49
Q

DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION:
MAO-I’s, a type of old antidepressant (prototype=phenelzine
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

Dextromethorphan

50
Q

Do NOT GIVE TOGETHER = “Serotonin Syndrome”

e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

Dextromethorphan

51
Q

No more than 5 days (this means its time to be seen by a prescriber!) this is sold OTC

e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

Dextromethorphan

52
Q

Dextromethorphan

No more than ? days (this means its time to be seen by a prescriber!) this is sold ?

A

5

OTC

53
Q

Oral medication that helps facilitate removal of
secretions commonly seen with colds/upper
respiratory tract infections
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

f. Guaifenesin

54
Q

Essentially this helps break up thick mucus (productive

cough)
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

f. Guaifenesin

55
Q

ADMINISTRATION
Take with full glass of water- Take gua with agua
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

f. Guaifenesin

56
Q

Take gua with agua

e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine
h. Hypertonic Saline

A

f. Guaifenesin

57
Q

Guaifenesin Take with full glass of?

A

Water Agua

58
Q

USED TO TREAT:
– Intended to be inhaled to help decrease viscosity
of mucus secretions
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine + Hypertonic Saline

A

g. Acetylcysteine + Hypertonic Saline

59
Q 
ADVERSE EFFECTS
Smells like ROTTEN EGGS!
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine + Hypertonic Saline
A

g. Acetylcysteine + Hypertonic Saline

60
Q 
ADMINISTRATION
Inhaled is via nebulizer
e. Benzonatate, Codeine, dextromethorphan
f. Guaifenesin
g. Acetylcysteine + Hypertonic Saline
A

g. Acetylcysteine + Hypertonic Saline

Phamacology Summer (48 decks)

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