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Phamacology Summer > Lower Respiratory Tract.pdf > Flashcards

Lower Respiratory Tract.pdf Flashcards

1
Q

• Short Acting Beta Agonists (SABA)

a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline

A

– albuterol/levalbuterol

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2
Q

• Long Acting Beta Agonists (LABA)

a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline

A

– salmeterol/arformoterol

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3
Q

• Short Acting Muscarinic Antagonists (SAMA)

a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline

A

ipratropium

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4
Q

• Long Acting Muscarinic Antagonists (LABA)

a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline

A

– Tiotropium, Aclidinium

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5
Q

• PDE-4 Inhibitor/ Xanthine Derivative

a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

– Theophylline

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6
Q

• Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist

a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

montelukast

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7
Q

Corticosteroid

a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

– Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide

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8
Q

• Mast Cell Stabilizer

a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

– Cromolyn

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9
Q

– ANTI-INFLAMMATORY

a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

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10
Q

– BRONCHODILATORS

a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline

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11
Q

Bronchodilators

Prevent or treat Constriction
(Dilate the Lungs)

A

(Dilate the Lungs)

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12
Q

• Anti-inflammatory drugs

Prevent or treat Constriction
(Dilate the Lungs)

A

(Prevent or treat Constriction)

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13
Q

• Short-acting beta2 agonist (SABA) inhalers

a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

a. albuterol/levalbuterol

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14
Q

• Long-acting beta2 agonist (LABA) inhalers

a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

b. salmeterol/arformoterol

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15
Q

MDI- Metered Dose Inhaler

a. Shake before use
b. No need to shake

A

– Shake before use

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16
Q

• DPI- Dry Powder Inhaler

a. Shake before use
b. No need to shake

A

– No need to shake

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17
Q

For Both Inhalers: Order

  1. Exhale first (not into the inhaler!
  2. Hold breath for 5 to 10 seconds to allow
    drug to be deposited in lungs
  3. Deep slow inhale 3 to 5 seconds, getting full amount of drug deep in lungs
A
  1. Exhale first (not into the inhaler!
  2. Deep slow inhale 3 to 5 seconds, getting full amount of drug deep in lungs
  3. Hold breath for 5 to 10 seconds to allow
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18
Q

For Both Inhalers: Fill

  1. Exhale ? (not into the inhaler!
  2. Deep slow inhale ? to ? seconds, getting full amount of drug deep in lungs
  3. Hold breath for ? to ? seconds to allow
A

first
3 to 5
5 to 10

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19
Q

When using same inhaler-

Wait ? to ? minutes between puffs

A

1 to 2

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20
Q

When using different inhalers

Wait ? to ? minutes

A

2 to 5

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21
Q

– Use the SABA ? an ICS- Inhaled Corticosteroid

A

before

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22
Q

– SABAs are ?

RESCUE
CHRONIC

A

RESCUE

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23
Q

– Long acting are meant for ? use

RESCUE
CHRONIC

A

CHRONIC

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24
Q

Which is True about Spacers

a. Can be used to help children inhale more of the drug.
b. Can be used to help reduce how much of an inhaled corticosteroid adheres to a patient’s mouth/oropharyngeal tract.
c. Slower to use.
d. Turns liquid drugs into a mist to be inhaled.
e. Different from inhalers
f. Mainly used for bronchodilators.

A

a. Can be used to help children inhale more of
the drug?
b. Can be used to help reduce how much
of an inhaled corticosteroid adheres to a patient’s

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25
Q

– COVID-19, some providers are using ? heparin due to higher risk of
clotting (PE risk)

nebulized
Spacers

A

nebulized

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26
Q

True about nebulizers?

a. Can be used to help children inhale more of the drug.
b. Can be used to help reduce how much of an inhaled corticosteroid adheres to a patient’s mouth/oropharyngeal tract.
c. Slower to use.
d. Turns liquid drugs into a mist to be inhaled.
e. Different from inhalers
f. Mainly used for bronchodilators.

A

c. Slower to use.
d. Turns liquid drugs into a mist to be inhaled.
e. Different from inhalers
f. Mainly used for bronchodilators.

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27
Q 
SHORT ACTING- meant to prevent or treat asthma
attacks.
a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

a. albuterol/levalbuterol

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28
Q

acute asthma exacerbation

a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

a. albuterol/levalbuterol

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29
Q 
prevention of exercise induced
bronchospasm
a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

a. albuterol/levalbuterol

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30
Q

Bind to the BETA 2 receptor and activate it (agonist), this causes BRONCHODILATION- opens
the airways and allows better oxygen exchange
a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

a. albuterol/levalbuterol

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31
Q 
• ADVERSE EFFECTS
• Tachycardia/palpitations, angina
• Tremors (skeletal muscle), excitability/nervousness
• Throat irritation/hoarseness
• Hypokalemia
a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

a. albuterol/levalbuterol

b. salmeterol/arformoterol

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32
Q 
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
– Patients should report any heart related effects (concern
for chest pain/jaw pain)
a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

a. albuterol/levalbuterol

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33
Q 
USED TO TREAT
Chronic usage
a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

b. salmeterol/arformoterol

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34
Q 
USED TO TREAT
– Asthma + COPD
a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

b. salmeterol/arformoterol

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35
Q

– ? ONLY- PRN rescue inhaler

a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

Formoterol

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36
Q 
MECHANISM OF ACTION
– Agonists at beta-2 receptors. These have SLOWER onsets and LONGER durations
a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

b. salmeterol/arformoterol

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37
Q 
Adverse reaction
– QTc prolongation= Torsades de Pointes
a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

b. salmeterol/arformoterol

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38
Q 
BOXED WARNING:
– Increased risk for asthma related death when
used as a monotherapy
a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

b. salmeterol/arformoterol

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39
Q

This is NOT fast acting
• Does NOT treat an asthma attack
a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol

A

b. salmeterol/arformoterol

40
Q

• PREVENTS asthma attacks

a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol

A

b. salmeterol/arformoterol

41
Q 
Short-acting muscarinic antagonist(SAMA)
inhalers
a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

c. ipratropium

42
Q 
Long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)
inhalers 
a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium

43
Q 
bronchospasm with COPD/Asthma
– alternative use for patients who cannot tolerate a
SABA
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
A

c. ipratropium

44
Q

– alternative use for patients who cannot tolerate a
SABA
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium

A

c. ipratropium

45
Q

block muscarinic cholinergic receptors found in
the bronchi, preventing bronchoconstriction
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium

A

c. ipratropium

46
Q

– Most common is dry mouth
– Throat irritation/hoarseness
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium

A

c. ipratropium

d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium

47
Q

This drug is very rarely absorbed systemically
• Constipation/ Urinary Retention/Nausea
• rarely- increased heart rate, anticholinergic
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium

A

c. ipratropium

d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium

48
Q

CONTRA-INDICATIONS:
Glaucoma, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium

A

c. ipratropium

d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium

49
Q 
USED TO TREAT
– Inhaler:
Inhaler:
Prevent COPD/Asthma attacks
(requires chronic usage!)
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
A

d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium

50
Q

MECHANISM OF ACTION:
– block muscarinic cholinergic receptors found
in the bronchi, preventing
bronchoconstriction

c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium

A

d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium

51
Q

Take time to see effect?

c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium

A

d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium

52
Q 
anticholinergics
Can’t see, Can’t pee, Can’t spit, can’t ****
a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

c. ipratropium

d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium

53
Q

Very similar to CAFFEINE

a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

e. Theophylline

54
Q 
USED TO TREAT
– chronic COPD/Asthma
a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

e. Theophylline

55
Q 
Increases alertness (may help with respiratory
alertness in brain)
a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

e. Theophylline

56
Q
  • Inhibits PDE-4 PHOSPHODIESTERASE?

Theophylline
Milrinone
PENIS- Erectile Dysfunction -Viagra

A

Theophylline

57
Q

PDE-3 CHF-?

Theophylline
Milrinone
PENIS- Erectile Dysfunction -Viagra

58
Q

PDE 4- COPD- ?

Theophylline
Milrinone
PENIS- Erectile Dysfunction -Viagra

A

Theophylline

59
Q

PDE-5 ?

Theophylline
Milrinone
PENIS- Erectile Dysfunction -Viagra

A

PENIS- Erectile Dysfunction -Viagra

60
Q

– This normally destroys cAMP
– Means longer duration of bronchodilation

Theophylline
Milrinone
PENIS- Erectile Dysfunction -Viagra

A

PENIS- Erectile Dysfunction -Viagra

61
Q

Methyl-xanthine/Xanthine Derivatives:

a. albuterol/levalbuterol
b. salmeterol/arformoterol
c. ipratropium
d. Tiotropium, Aclidinium
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

e. Theophylline

62
Q

• ADVERSE EFFECTS
• Nausea/Vomiting, Anorexia, headache, dizziness
• Increased Urination
• palpitations, tachycardia, dysrhythmias
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

e. Theophylline

63
Q 
• ADVERSE EFFECTS
Seizures
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

e. Theophylline

64
Q

• ADVERSE EFFECTS
• Known to cause Stomach Pain (epigastric pain)
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

e. Theophylline

65
Q 
• ADVERSE EFFECTS
epigastric pain
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

e. Theophylline

66
Q 
narrow therapeutic index drug
• Know the range 5-15 mcg/ml 
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

e. Theophylline

67
Q

Theophylline
narrow therapeutic index drug
• Know the range ?-? mcg/ml

68
Q 
USED TO TREAT:
– Approved in pediatrics and adults!
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

f. montelukast

69
Q 
• USED TO TREAT:
prevention of exercise induced
bronchoconstriction
– Asthma
– Seasonal Allergies
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

f. montelukast

70
Q

This is a pill, not an inhaler.

e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

f. montelukast

71
Q

MECHANISM OF ACTION:
– blocks leukotriene receptors located in the
lungs
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

f. montelukast

72
Q

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist:

e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

f. montelukast

73
Q 
Headaches (18% of users)
– neuropsychiatric events such as
depression/anxiety/sleep disorders
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

f. montelukast

74
Q 
BOXED WARNING to this drug
about NEUROPSYCHIATRIC EVENTS
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

f. montelukast

75
Q

– Take in the evenings

e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

f. montelukast

76
Q

Take 2 hours prior to exercise

e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

f. montelukast

77
Q

f. montelukast
– Take in the ?
Take ? hours prior to exercise

A

– Take in the evenings

Take 2 hours prior to exercise

78
Q 
• USED TO TREAT
INHALED (PREVENTION)
– chronic COPD/Asthma 
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide

79
Q 
• USED TO TREAT
IV (TREATMENT)
– for serious ASTHMA Attacks 
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide

80
Q

• USED TO TREAT
Oral (STABILIZE)
– send you home on this after the IV dose
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide

81
Q 
• USED TO TREAT
NASAL Sprays
– LOCAL in nose for seasonal allergies!- this won’t help
asthma/COPD
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide

82
Q 
• ADVERSE EFFECTS
• Oral Candidiasis- "Thrush" 
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide

83
Q

• ADVERSE EFFECTS
– Just like all inhalers: Throat irritation, Reflex
Cough/ Bronchospasm
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide

84
Q 
• ADVERSE EFFECTS
• Bone Mineral Density loss
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide

85
Q 
• ADVERSE EFFECTS
• Delayed Growth in children/adolescents
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide

86
Q

Inhaled Corticosteroids: (ICS)

e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide

87
Q

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
– Always use your fast acting inhaler first
– Wash out mouth to prevent “thrush”
– Spacer- reduces risk thrush development
– Monitor for the systemic absorption
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide

88
Q

– Hyperglycemia- Diabetes

e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide

89
Q

USED TO TREAT:
– Intended to decrease inflammation associated
with allergic rhinitis (reduces sneezing, itching,
runny nose)
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

Fluticasone

90
Q

• Nasal spray- LOCAL EFFECT ONLY

e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

Fluticasone

91
Q 
• USED TO TREAT:
Only for allergy purposes
» Much lower risk of adverse effects (don’t need
to rinse nostrils out after use)
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

Fluticasone

92
Q 
– NOT FOR ASTHMA/COPD
– Only for allergy purposes
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

Fluticasone

93
Q 
USED TO TREAT
– Canada- Food Allergies
– Systemic Mastocytosis
– Asthma
– Prevent EIB (Exercise Induced Bronchospasms)
d. albuterol, levalbuterol
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

h. Cromolyn

94
Q

Prevent EIB (Exercise Induced Bronchospasms)

d. albuterol, levalbuterol
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn

A

h. Cromolyn

d. albuterol, levalbuterol

95
Q 
– prevention of exercise induced
bronchoconstriction
d. albuterol, levalbuterol
e. Theophylline
f. montelukast
g. Fluticasone, beclomethasone, budesonide
h. Cromolyn
A

f. montelukast

Phamacology Summer (48 decks)

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