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Phamacology Summer > Diuretics + Electrolytes > Flashcards

Diuretics + Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q 
Osmotic
a. mannitol
@. hydrochlorothiazide
b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid
c. triamterene, spironolactone,
eplerenone
A

a. mannitol

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2
Q 
Thiazides
a. mannitol
@. hydrochlorothiazide
b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid
c. triamterene, spironolactone,
eplerenone
A

@. hydrochlorothiazide

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3
Q 
• Loop agents
a. mannitol
@. hydrochlorothiazide
b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid
c. triamterene, spironolactone,
eplerenone
A

b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid

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4
Q 
• Potassium Sparing:
a. mannitol
@. hydrochlorothiazide
b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid
c. triamterene, spironolactone,
eplerenone
A

c. triamterene, spironolactone,

eplerenone

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5
Q 
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor:
a. mannitol
@. hydrochlorothiazide
b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid
c. triamterene, spironolactone,
eplerenone
d. Acetazolamide
A

d. Acetazolamide

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6
Q 
ELECTROLYES
a. mannitol
@. hydrochlorothiazide
b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid
c. triamterene, spironolactone,
eplerenone
e. Potassium Chloride
f.  Magnesium Sulfate/Hydroxide/Oxide
A

e. Potassium Chloride

f. Magnesium Sulfate/Hydroxide/Oxide

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7
Q 
USED TO TREAT
• reduction of intracranial pressure 
a. mannitol
@. hydrochlorothiazide
b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid
c. triamterene, spironolactone,
eplerenone
A

a. mannitol

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8
Q 
• ADVERSE EFFECTS
• Pulmonary Edema 
a. mannitol
@. hydrochlorothiazide
b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid
c. triamterene, spironolactone,
eplerenone
A

a. mannitol

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9
Q 
• ADVERSE EFFECTS
HyperGLU
a. mannitol
@. hydrochlorothiazide
b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid
c. triamterene, spironolactone,
eplerenone
A

b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid

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10
Q 
• ADVERSE EFFECTS
• Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia,
Hypocalcemia
a. mannitol
@. hydrochlorothiazide
b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid
c. triamterene, spironolactone,
eplerenone
A

b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid

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11
Q 
• ADVERSE EFFECTS
Ototoxicity (rare)
• Cochlea= tinnitus/ hearing loss
• Vestibular apparatus= vertigo,dizziness
a. mannitol
@. hydrochlorothiazide
b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid
c. triamterene, spironolactone,
eplerenone
A

b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid

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12
Q

• ADVERSE EFFECTS
Photosensitivity/Sulfa Allergy
• EXCEPTION=?

b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid

A

Ethacrynic acid

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13
Q

Take in AM, Monitor BEEF, Take with food or milk (monitor K and BP)
a. mannitol
@. hydrochlorothiazide
b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid
c. triamterene, spironolactone,
eplerenone

A

b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid

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14
Q 
USED TO TREAT• Heart Failure
• Ascites
• Due to its anti-androgen effects
• Treat hirsutism
• Treat acne
• Male to female
• PCOS
a. mannitol
@. hydrochlorothiazide
b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid
c. triamterene, spironolactone,
eplerenone
A

spironolactone

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15
Q 
• USED TO TREAT 
Hypertension
• TREAT Hypokalemia caused by other diuretics 
a. mannitol
@. hydrochlorothiazide
b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid
c. triamterene, spironolactone,
eplerenone
A

triamterene

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16
Q 
• USED TO TREAT 
Hypertension
• TREAT Hypokalemia caused by other diuretics 
a. mannitol
@. hydrochlorothiazide
b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid
c. triamterene, spironolactone,
eplerenone
A

triamterene

17
Q

• USED TO TREAT
• Triamterene ( gain K) + Hydrochlorothiazide (lose K)= Maxzide
a. mannitol
@. hydrochlorothiazide
b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid
c. triamterene, spironolactone,
eplerenone

A

triamterene

18
Q 
USED TO TREAT
Heart Failure
• Add on for Hypertension
a. mannitol
@. hydrochlorothiazide
b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid
c. triamterene, spironolactone,
eplerenone
A

eplerenone

19
Q

ADVERSE EFFECTS
• Hyperkalemia (muscle cramps, dysrhythmias)
a. mannitol
@. hydrochlorothiazide
b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid
c. triamterene, spironolactone,
eplerenone

A

c. triamterene, spironolactone,

eplerenone

20
Q 
• ADVERSE EFFECTS
 ? structure similar to steroid
• Gynecomastia, breast sensitivity, impotence, menstrual irregularities
a. mannitol
@. hydrochlorothiazide
b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid
c. triamterene, spironolactone,
eplerenone
A

spironolactone

21
Q

• ADVERSE EFFECTS

 may turn urine BLUE
a. mannitol
@. hydrochlorothiazide
b. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid
c. triamterene, spironolactone,
eplerenone
A

triamterene

22
Q 
• USED TO TREAT (Oral or IV)
• Altitude Illness
• Edema
• Elevated Intra-Ocular Pressure (IOP- Glaucoma)
• Epilepsy
d. Acetazolamide
e. Potassium Chloride
f.  Magnesium Sulfate/Hydroxide/Oxide
A

d. Acetazolamide

23
Q 
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
• Metabolic Acidosis
d. Acetazolamide
e. Potassium Chloride
f.  Magnesium Sulfate/Hydroxide/Oxide
A

d. Acetazolamide

24
Q 
•USED TO TREAT:
• Hypokalemia!
d. Acetazolamide
e. Potassium Chloride
f.  Magnesium Sulfate/Hydroxide/Oxide
A

e. Potassium Chloride

25
Q 
• Oral route
• Very irritating to GI tract (can cause ulcers)
d. Acetazolamide
e. Potassium Chloride
f.  Magnesium Sulfate/Hydroxide/Oxide
A

e. Potassium Chloride

26
Q

Parenteral Doses: Slow! No faster than 10 mEq/hour in peripheral lines

d. Acetazolamide
e. Potassium Chloride
f. Magnesium Sulfate/Hydroxide/Oxide

A

e. Potassium Chloride

27
Q

Limit 40 mEQ per IV piggyback.

d. Acetazolamide
e. Potassium Chloride
f. Magnesium Sulfate/Hydroxide/Oxide

A

e. Potassium Chloride

28
Q

ANTIDOTE for

Insulin (followed by dextrose/glucose to prevent hypoglycemia)

A

Hyperkalemia

29
Q

ANTIDOTE for
Sodium Polystyrene Sulfate (KAYEXALATE) (not as commonly used)- can also irritate GI
tract

A

Hyperkalemia

30
Q 
ANTIDOTE for
IV Calcium (stabilize the cell membranes)
A

Hyperkalemia

31
Q 
•USED TO TREAT:
• Parenteral Doses:
• Hypomagnesemia
• Torsades de pointes
d. Acetazolamide
e. Potassium Chloride
f.  Magnesium Sulfate/Hydroxide/Oxide
A

Magnesium Sulfate

32
Q 
•USED TO TREAT:
• Continuous IV Drip:
• Tocolytic/Eclampsia/Pre-eclampsia
d. Acetazolamide
e. Potassium Chloride
f.  Magnesium Sulfate/Hydroxide/Oxide
A

Magnesium Sulfate

33
Q

•USED TO TREAT:

Oral doses:
• Hypomagnesemia (magnesium oxide)
• Constipation (Magnesium Hydroxide- Milk of Mag/MOM)
d. Acetazolamide
e. Potassium Chloride
f.  Magnesium Sulfate/Hydroxide/Oxide
A

Magnesium Sulfate

34
Q

•ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Oral doses:
• Diarrhea- osmotic laxative effects (Milk of Mag!

A

Magnesium Sulfate

35
Q 
•NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
Monitor deep tendon reflexes
• Obtain vital signs
• Check magnesium levels
• Check respiratory rate
• Check urine output
d. Acetazolamide
e. Potassium Chloride
f.  Magnesium Sulfate/Hydroxide/Oxide
A

Magnesium Sulfate

36
Q

CALCIUM GLUCONATE: Antidote to ? toxicity

A

magnesium

Phamacology Summer (48 decks)

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