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Phamacology Summer > ANTIBIOTICS > Flashcards

ANTIBIOTICS Flashcards

1
Q

Causes strep throat, various skin infections

Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Group B Strep

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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2
Q

Common cause of neonatal meningitis

Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Group B Strep

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

Group B Strep

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3
Q

MRSA,VRSA, wide variety of infections

Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Group B Strep

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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4
Q

Frequently causes urinary tract infections (UTIs)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, N. meningitidis, E.Coli,
N. gonorrhoeae

A

E.Coli

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5
Q

Serious G- infection, sepsis/pna/UTIs

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, N. meningitidis, E.Coli,
N. gonorrhoeae

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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6
Q

Bacterial meningitis

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, N. meningitidis, E.Coli,
N. gonorrhoeae

A

N. meningitidis

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7
Q

STI- gonorrhea

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, N. meningitidis, E.Coli,
N. gonorrhoeae

A

N. gonorrhoeae

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8
Q

Anaerobes
Can be Gram + or Gram -

T or F

A

True

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9
Q

Bacillus

Gram + or Gram -

A

Gram +

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10
Q

Clostridium species

Gram + or Gram -

A

Gram +

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11
Q

Anthrax

Clostridium species or Bacillus

A

Bacillus

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12
Q

C.difficile- pseudomembranous colitis

Clostridium species or Bacillus

A

Clostridium species

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13
Q

C. perfingens- gangrene,
C. botulinum – botulism,
C.tetani- tetanus

Clostridium species or Bacillus

A

Clostridium species

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14
Q

typically lack peptidoglycan layer or are extremely small

Atypical, Not “typical”, Mycoplasma pneuomoniae

A

Not “typical”,

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15
Q

MYCOPLASMA

Atypical, Not “typical”, Mycoplasma pneuomoniae

A

Atypical

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16
Q

Walking pneumonia

Atypical, Not “typical”, Mycoplasma pneuomoniae

A

Atypical

Mycoplasma pneuomoniae

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17
Q

Others: Rickettsia, Legionella’s, Chlamydia’s

Atypical, Not “typical”, Mycoplasma pneuomoniae

A

Atypical

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18
Q

Tuberculosis (TB)

Mycobacterium Leprae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis,  Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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19
Q

Leprosy

Mycobacterium Leprae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis,  Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)

A

Mycobacterium Leprae

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20
Q

 Immunocompromised patients- Lungs

Mycobacterium Leprae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis,  Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)

A

Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)

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21
Q

Targeting a type of infection

Narrow Spectrum, Bacteriostatic, Broad Spectrum, Bactericidal

A

Broad Spectrum

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22
Q

Targeting a specific bacteria

Narrow Spectrum, Bacteriostatic, Broad Spectrum, Bactericidal

A

Narrow Spectrum

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23
Q

kill bacteria

Narrow Spectrum, Bacteriostatic, Broad Spectrum, Bactericidal

A

Bactericidal

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24
Q

inhibit growth of susceptible bacteria

Narrow Spectrum, Bacteriostatic, Broad Spectrum, Bactericidal

A

Bacteriostatic

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25
Q

Which come first
Obtain Culture- Get Blood Culture
Send Culture to Lab + Gram Stain + Sensitivity

A

Obtain Culture- Get Blood Culture

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26
Q

tells you bacteria type

Sensitivity, Gram Stain

A

Gram Stain

27
Q

(which antibiotic will work

Sensitivity, Gram Stain

A

Sensitivity

28
Q

MIC means

A

= Minimum
Inhibitory
Concentration

29
Q

Common CAP Culprits: (Community Acquired Pneumonia)

Ps. aeruginosa, S. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae,
S. aureus

A

S. pneumoniae

M. pneumoniae

30
Q

Common VAP Culprits: (Ventilator Associated Pneumonia)

Ps. aeruginosa, S. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae,
S. aureus

A

Ps. aeruginosa

- S. aureus

31
Q

What is given to treat Common VAP Culprits:

  • Ps. aeruginosa
  • S. aureus

Cefepime + Vancomycin, or Ceftriaxone +Azithromycin

A

Cefepime + Vancomycin

32
Q

Which is the Narrow Spectrum of VAP
Which is the Broad Spectrum of VAP

Cefepime + Vancomycin, or Ceftriaxone +Azithromycin

A

Cefepime- N

Vancomycin- B

33
Q

What is given to treat Common CAP Culprits:
S. pneumoniae
M. pneumoniae

Cefepime + Vancomycin, or Ceftriaxone +Azithromycin

A

Ceftriaxone +Azithromycin

34
Q

Which is the Narrow Spectrum of CAP
Which is the Broad Spectrum of CAP

Cefepime + Vancomycin, or Ceftriaxone +Azithromycin

A

Ceftriaxone- N

Azithromycin- B

35
Q 
Put in order Please!
a. Give Broad Spectrum Antibiotics or
multiple antibiotics
b. Give Narrow Spectrum Antibiotics or
targeted antibiotics
c. Draw STAT blood cultures
d. Review Culture Results (Sensitivity)
A

c. Draw STAT blood cultures
a. Give Broad Spectrum Antibiotics or
multiple antibiotics
d. Review Culture Results (Sensitivity)
b. Give Narrow Spectrum Antibiotics or
targeted antibiotics

36
Q

Since antibiotics are very irritating to veins What should you do?

a. Do NOT infuse with other fluids/drugs
b. Always go SLOW with infusions
c. Always use a DILUTED solution
d. Avoid small veins
e. Avoid large veins
f. Always monitor IV sites- immediately stop if patient reportspain- don’t want to risk extravasation

A

a. Do NOT infuse with other fluids/drugs
b. Always go SLOW with infusions
c. Always use a DILUTED solution
d. Avoid small veins
f. Always monitor IV sites- immediately stop if patient reportspain- don’t want to risk extravasation

37
Q

Infant?

Vastus lateralus, Ventrogluteal Site, Deltoid

A

Vastus lateralus

38
Q

Adults

Vastus lateralus, Ventrogluteal Site, Deltoid

A

Ventrogluteal Site, Deltoid

39
Q

What should you do with IM injections?

a. Rotate Sites
b. Don’t inject over scars, moles, inflamed areas
c. Use Z-Track technique for medication that can stain skin (iron)
d. Needle size- typically 22-25 gauge (18-27 ATI range)
e. 1-1.5 inches long
f. 90-degree angle
g. 40-degree angle

A

a. Rotate Sites
b. Don’t inject over scars, moles, inflamed areas
c. Use Z-Track technique for medication that can stain skin (iron)
d. Needle size- typically 22-25 gauge (18-27 ATI range)
e. 1-1.5 inches long
f. 90-degree angle

40
Q

Which help with EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIBOTICS

a. Instruct clients to take the full course of antimicrobials the provider prescribes to prevent medication resistance and recurrence of infection
b. Check post-treatment cultures to confirm that they are
negative for micro-organisms.
c. Monitor clients for clinical improvement (clear breath sounds and resolution of fever)
d. Chest X-ray may show improved lungs
e. Decreased WBC count= RANGE is 5,000-10,000 cells/mm3
f. UTI- urgency reduced, burning/itching symptoms reside

A

a. Instruct clients to take the full course of antimicrobials the provider prescribes to prevent medication resistance and recurrence of infection
b. Check post-treatment cultures to confirm that they are
negative for micro-organisms.
c. Monitor clients for clinical improvement (clear breath sounds and resolution of fever)
d. Chest X-ray may show improved lungs
e. Decreased WBC count= RANGE is 5,000-10,000 cells/mm3
f. UTI- urgency reduced, burning/itching symptoms reside

41
Q

 Generally recognized as ANAPHYLAXIS

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY, TYPE 1: IgE Mediated

A

TYPE 1: IgE Mediated

42
Q

 Range is MILD to SEVERE/LIFE THREATENING

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY, TYPE 1: IgE Mediated

A

TYPE 1: IgE Mediated

43
Q

 #1 culprit in the drug world is PENICILLIN

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY, TYPE 1: IgE Mediated

A

TYPE 1: IgE Mediated

44
Q

➢ life threatening, immediate systemic allergic reaction

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY, ANAPHYLAXIS or ALLERGIC ASTHMA, ANGIOEDEMA RECOGNITION

A

ANAPHYLAXIS or ALLERGIC ASTHMA

45
Q 
UH-OH! is for?
Urticaria
Hives
Oxygen is gone (angioedema, narrowing of air ways)
Hypotension (blood pressure is dropping)

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY, ANAPHYLAXIS or ALLERGIC ASTHMA, ANGIOEDEMA RECOGNITION

A

ANAPHYLAXIS or ALLERGIC ASTHMA

46
Q 
ANAPHYLAXIS or ALLERGIC ASTHMA
UH-OH! is for?
U-
H-
O-
H-
A

Urticaria
Hives
Oxygen is gone (angioedema, narrowing of air ways)
Hypotension (blood pressure is dropping)

47
Q

Severe allergic reaction that affects deep tissues

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY, ANAPHYLAXIS or ALLERGIC ASTHMA, ANGIOEDEMA RECOGNITION

A

ANGIOEDEMA RECOGNITION

48
Q

 Tissue Types- Blood vessels, skin, subcutaneous tissue, mucous membranes

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY, ANAPHYLAXIS or ALLERGIC ASTHMA, ANGIOEDEMA RECOGNITION

A

ANGIOEDEMA RECOGNITION

49
Q

 Targeted areas- lips, face, oropharyngeal cavity and neck, intestinal system and other areas of the body

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY, ANAPHYLAXIS or ALLERGIC ASTHMA, ANGIOEDEMA RECOGNITION

A

ANGIOEDEMA RECOGNITION

50
Q

 Can see within 24 hours of drug usage or anytime after

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY, ANAPHYLAXIS or ALLERGIC ASTHMA, ANGIOEDEMA RECOGNITION

A

ANGIOEDEMA RECOGNITION

51
Q

COMMONLY ASSOCIATED DRUGS:
 ACE-Inhibitors, ARBs, NSAIDs

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY, ANAPHYLAXIS or ALLERGIC ASTHMA, ANGIOEDEMA RECOGNITION

A

ANGIOEDEMA RECOGNITION

52
Q

ANAPHYLAXIS/ALLERGIC ASTHMA
TREATMENT in order

a. Treat with Epinephrine (IM or IV) every 5 to 10 minutes if needed
b. Administer Oxygen
c. Stop medication immediately (turn off the IV!) and notify Rapid Response Team
d. Administer diphenhydramine (decrease angioedema and urticaria)
e. Establish Airway to maintain ventilation (bronchodilators if needed)
f. Extra (Continue to administer oxygen, obtain ABGs, use bronchodilators
 Can use corticosteroids if symptoms persist
 Monitor Hemodynamics-fluid overload from too rapid of IV infusions, check pulmonary status)

A

c. Stop medication immediately (turn off the IV!) and notify Rapid Response Team
e. Establish Airway to maintain ventilation (bronchodilators if needed)
b. Administer Oxygen
a. Treat with Epinephrine (IM or IV) every 5 to 10 minutes if needed
d. Administer diphenhydramine (decrease angioedema and urticaria)
f. Extra (Continue to administer oxygen, obtain ABGs, use bronchodilators
 Can use corticosteroids if symptoms persist
 Monitor Hemodynamics-fluid overload from too rapid of IV infusions, check pulmonary status)

53
Q

Which decreases decrease angioedema and urticaria

melatonin, diphenhydramine

A

diphenhydramine

54
Q 
Fill in
Do not place ? over any ends of the pen
 Remove the ?
 “Blue to the ? Orange to the ?
 Okay to inject through ?
 “Hold for ?-? seconds” (ATI=? seconds)
 Can massage site afterwards (? seconds)
 You can use another dose ?-? minutes after (max is ? doses)
 SEEK MEDICAL HELP!
A

Do not place hands over any ends of the pen
 Remove the safety cap
 “Blue to the Sky, Orange to the Thigh”
 Okay to inject through clothes!
 “Hold for 3-10 seconds” (ATI=10 seconds)
 Can massage site afterwards (10 seconds)
 You can use another dose 5-15 minutes after (max is 2 doses)
 SEEK MEDICAL HELP!

55
Q

Which is true for ALLERGIES

a. If known allergy, patient should wear a medical bracelet (such as Penicillin Allergy)
b. Patient should have epi-pen!
c. Always screen patients and get complete medical history including ALLERGIES
d. Check allergies before giving medications

A

a. If known allergy, patient should wear a medical bracelet (such as Penicillin Allergy)
b. Patient should have epi-pen!
c. Always screen patients and get complete medical history including ALLERGIES
d. Check allergies before giving medications

56
Q

Which of the following are Other Culprits of Anaphylaxis?

a. Antibiotics- PENICILLIN!
b. Blood Products
c. Parenteral IV Iron Products
d. “MABS”
e. Cancer

A

a. Antibiotics- PENICILLIN!
b. Blood Products
c. Parenteral IV Iron Products
d. “MABS”

57
Q

SCAR- Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY, ANAPHYLAXIS or ALLERGIC ASTHMA, ANGIOEDEMA RECOGNITION

A

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY

58
Q

Steven Johnson Syndrome (SJS)

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY, ANAPHYLAXIS or ALLERGIC ASTHMA, ANGIOEDEMA RECOGNITION

A

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY

59
Q

 Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY, ANAPHYLAXIS or ALLERGIC ASTHMA, ANGIOEDEMA RECOGNITION

A

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY

60
Q

1 Culprit? Drugs

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY, ANAPHYLAXIS or ALLERGIC ASTHMA, ANGIOEDEMA RECOGNITION

A

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY

61
Q

Early warning signs: Flu-like symptoms (FEVER)

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY, ANAPHYLAXIS or ALLERGIC ASTHMA, ANGIOEDEMA RECOGNITION

A

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY

62
Q

Early warning signs: RASH -> Blistering

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY, ANAPHYLAXIS or ALLERGIC ASTHMA, ANGIOEDEMA RECOGNITION

A

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY

63
Q

Early warning signs: Lip peeling, mouth sores

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY, ANAPHYLAXIS or ALLERGIC ASTHMA, ANGIOEDEMA RECOGNITION

A

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY

64
Q

Onset: Not instant, can take days, maybe even weeks

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY, ANAPHYLAXIS or ALLERGIC ASTHMA, ANGIOEDEMA RECOGNITION

A

SJS/TEN: TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY

Phamacology Summer (48 decks)

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