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anatomy > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

anterior arm
innervation
action
joints

A

innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
action: flex and adduct, some supination of forearm
joints: elbow and shoulder joints,

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2
Q

anterior arm muscles

A

biceps brachii
coracobrachialis
brachialis

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3
Q

anterior arm
biceps brachii

A

origin:
-short head: coracoid process of scapula
-long head: supraglenoid tubercule
insertion: tuberosity of radius
action: flexes and supinates the forearm; flexes the arm

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4
Q

anterior arm
coracobrachialis

A

origin: coracoid process of scapula
insertion: medial humerus
action: flexes and adducts the arm

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5
Q

anterior arm
brachialis

A

origin: distal humerus
insertion: coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
action: flexes forearm in all directions

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6
Q

posterior compartment: arm
innervation
action
joints

A

innervation: radial nerve
action: extensors
joints: shoulder and elbow

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7
Q

posterior compartment muscles:

A

triceps brachii: long head, lateral head, and medial head

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8
Q

posterior compartment
triceps brachii

A

origin:
-long head: infra glenoid tubercule of scapula
-lateral head: posterior humerus-superior to radial groove
-medial head: posterior humerus inferior to radial groove
-insertion: olecranon of ulna

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9
Q

what two bones are in the forearm

A

radius and ulna

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10
Q

features of the ulna

A

-olecranon process: articulation with the humerus
-coronoid process: proximal end
-styloid process: distal end

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11
Q

features of the radius

A

-head and radial tuberosity: proximal end
-styloid process: distal end

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12
Q

the ulna articulates with the _________ of the humerus

A

trochlear

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13
Q

the radius articulates with the __________ of the humerus

A

capitulum

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14
Q

proximal radioulnar joint

A

a pivot joint that allows rotation of the head of the radius on the ulna during pronation and supination

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15
Q

distal radioulnar joint

A

a pivot joint that allows rotation of the radius about the ulna during pronation and supination

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16
Q

2 compartments of the forearm

A

anterior and posterior

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17
Q

what are the compartments of the forearm separated by

A

intermuscular septum on interosseous membrane running between the radius and ulna

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18
Q

forearm
where do the muscles arise in the anterior-flexor pronator muscle compartment

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus and are organized into layers from superficial to deep

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19
Q

forearm
what is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the

A

median and ulnar nerve

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20
Q

forearm
where do the muscles arise in the posterior-extensor supinator muscle compartment

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus and are divided into superficial and deep

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21
Q

forearm
anterior compartment 1: superficial layer
origin
innervation

A

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
innervation: median nerve, except the FCU is innervated by ulnar nerve

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22
Q

forearm
anterior compartment 1 muscles

A

-pronator teres: pronates forearm
insertion: midshaft
-flexor carpi radialis: flexes and abducts hand
insertion: metacarpals
-palmaris longus: flexes hand
insertion: fascia of palm
-flexor carpi ulnaris: flexes and adducts hand
insertion: pisiform, hamate, and base of fifth metacarpal

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23
Q

forearm
anterior compartment 2: intermediate layer
muscle
origin
insertion
action
innervation

A

muscle: flexor digitorum superficialis
origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and superior half of radius
insertion: middle phalanges
action: flexes middle phalanges 2-5
innervation: median nerve

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24
Q

forearm
anterior compartment 3: deep layer muscles

A

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

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25
Q

forearm
anterior compartment 3: deep layer
flexor digitorum profundus

A

origin:
insertion: distal phalanges
action: flexes distal phalanges 2-5 at distal interphalangeal joints
innervation:
-medial side: ulnar nerve
-lateral side: median nerve

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26
Q

forearm
anterior compartment 3: deep layer
flexor pollicis longus

A

action: flexes thumb, 1st digit
insertion: distal phalanx of thumb
innervation: median nerve

27
Q

forearm
anterior compartment 3: deep layer
pronator quadratus

A

action: pronates forearm
insertion: distal surface of anterior radius
innervation: median nerve

28
Q

flexor retinaculum

A

ligament that runs from the hamate to pisiform bones medially to the scaphoid and trapezium bones of the wrist laterally, creating a carpal tunnel
-9 tendons from 3 muscles and the median nerve pass through tunnel into the palm

29
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

results from a compression of a median nerve as it passes through and presents numbness in digits 1-4

30
Q

posterior forearm: superficial layer muscles

A

extensor carpi ulnaris: extends and adducts hands at wrist
extensor digitorum: extends digits 2-5 at metacarpophalngeal joints
extensor carpi radialis brevis: extends and abducts hand at wrist
extensor carpi radialis longus: extends and abducts hands at wrist
brachioradialis: flexes forearm

31
Q

posterior forearm: superficial
origin
innervation

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
innervation: radial nerve

32
Q

posterior forearm: deep layer muscles

A

supinator: supinates the forearm by rotating the radius
extensor indicis: extends 2nd finger, pointer
abductor pollicis longus: abducts and extends the thumb
extensor pollicis longus: extends the thumb
extensor pollicis brevis: extends the thumb

33
Q

posterior forearm:
1. extensors, abductors, or adductors of the hand
2. digital extensors
3. thumb extensors or abductors

A
  1. extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris
  2. extensor digitorum, extensor indicis, extensor digiti minimi
  3. abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicus longus
34
Q

3 segments of the hand

A

wrist, palm. digits

35
Q

hand
extrinsic hand muscles

A

have tendons that reach the hand, but originate in the forearm

36
Q

hand
intrinsic muscles

A

originate and terminate in the hand

37
Q

organization of intrinsic hand muscles

A

-thenar: thumb muscles
-hypothenar: 5th digit
-short muscles of the hand: lumbricals and interossei

38
Q

hand
blood supply
innervation
cutaneous sensation:

A

blood supply: radial and ulnar arteries
innervation: median and ulnar nerves
cutaneous sensation: radial, ulnar, and medial nerves

39
Q

posterior forearm
action
innervation
origin

A

action: wrist or digit extension
innervation: radial nerve
origin: lateral epicondyle

40
Q

bones of the hand

A

8 carpal bones and 5 metacarpal bones

41
Q

hand movements

A

abduction and adduction of the digits

42
Q

movements of the thumb

A

abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, opposition, and reposition

43
Q

movements of the wrist

A

flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

44
Q

thenar and hypothenar muscles
action
innervation

A

action: abduct, flex, and oppose thumb and fifth digit
innervation
-thenar: (thumb), median nerve
-hypothenar: (pinkee) ulnar nerve

45
Q

thenar and hypothenar have

A

3 muscles in each group and do the same actions

46
Q

thenar muscles

A

-abductor pollicis
-flexor pollicis
-oponense pollicis
origin: flexor retinaculum

47
Q

thenar muscles
abductor pollicis:
action
innvervation

A

action: adducts the thumb
-innervation: ulnar nerve
origin: flexor retinaculum

48
Q

hypothenar muscles

A

-abductor digit minimi
-flexor digiti minimi
-oponense digiti minimi
origin: abductor is from pisiform. flexor and oppenense: hamate bone and flexor retinaculum

49
Q

short muscles of the hand

A

lumbricals and interossei

50
Q

short muscles of the hand
lumbricals
origin
insertion
action
innervation

A

origin: tendons of FDP; flexor digitorum profundus
insertion: lateral sides of digits 2-5
actions: flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints
innervation
-lumbricals 1 and 2 : median nerve
-lumbricals 3 and 4: ulnar nerve

51
Q

short muscles of the hand
interossei
origin
insertion
two types
innervation

A

origin: sides of metacarpals
insert: insert on bases of proximal phalanges
-dorsal interossei: abduct 2nd and 4th digits from axial line
-palmar interossei: adduct digits 2.4.5 toward axial line
innervation: ulnar nerve

52
Q

blood supply in the upper limb

A

tube with branching arteries all the way to the hand

53
Q

give the pathway of blood supply to the upper limb

A
  1. subclavian
    2.thyrocervical trunk comes off and makes cervical dorsal trunk and two branches. suprascapular and dorsal scapular arteries. (supply the scapula).
  2. subclavian travels under clavicle and changes to axillary artery
  3. crosses border of pectoralis minor and at the border of teres major, becomes the brachial artery
  4. brachial artery branches to deep artery of the arm: supplies posterior arm compartment. ulnar collateral arteries: anastomose around the elbow
  5. in the forearm, brachial divides to radial artery: supplies muscles to the lateral aspects of anterior and posterior forearm compartments. forms the ulnar artery: supplies muscles of the medial side of the forearm
  6. give digital arteries
54
Q

describe the importance of axilla

A

provides a passage way for vessels and nerves going to and from upper limb
contents: axillary artery and its branches, axillary vein, nerves, branches of brachial plexus, lymphatic vessels, and axillary lymph nodes

55
Q

where is the place to control a hemmorage

A

middle of the arm

56
Q

veins of the upper limb
deep veins

A

have the same names as arteries
-digital veins-venous arches-radial and ulnar veins-brachial vein-axillary vein-subclavian vein

57
Q

radial artery forms what palmar arch

A

deep palmar arch

58
Q

ulnar artery forms what palmar arch

A

superficial palmar arch

59
Q

superficial veins of the upper limb

A

-cephalic veins: continues deep at the deltopectoral triangle and drain into the axillary vein on shoulder
-basilic vein: post axial compartment, deep in the arm to join deep veins. drains medial side of the arm and enters into the brachial vein
-median cubital vein: superficial link between the cephalic and basilic vein, connects to basilic vein

60
Q

what are the joints present in the upper limb

A

-sternoclavicular joint
-shoulder joint
-elbow joint
-wrist joint

61
Q

anterior axio-appendicular muscle
pectoralis major
innervation and action

A

action: prime mover of arm flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of the humerus
innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves

62
Q

anterior axio-appendicular muscle
pectoralis minor
action
innervation

A

action: stabilizes the scapula, draws it anteriorly and inferiorly against the thoracic wall, attaches to the coracoid process.
innervation: medial pectoral nerve

63
Q

anterior axio-appendicular muscles:
serratus anterior
action and innervation

A

action: protacts and retracts the scapula

64
Q

anterior axioappendicular muscles
subclavius

A

helps stabilize and depress the pectoral girdle
innerv: subclavian nerve

anatomy (42 decks)

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