Autonomic nervous system

Question 1

how many neurons does the somatic motor have

Answer 1

a single motor extends from the CNS to the skeletal system

Question 2

How many chains does the ANS have

Answer 2

2 motor neurons- presynaptic and postsynaptic

Question 3

ANS definition

Answer 3

general visceral component of the PNs

Question 4

ANS fucntions

Answer 4

innervates smooth, cardiac muscle and glands; regulates visceral body functions. heart rate, blood presrure, digestion, urination

Question 5

what are the divisions of the ANS

Answer 5

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 6

describe the sympathetic division

Answer 6

-fight or flight
-orginates: thoracic and lumbar regions
-2nd axon: long postsynaptic axons

Question 7

what are the reactions of the sympathetic division

Answer 7

increases heart rate and breathing rate
-increases blood and oxygen flow to the skeletal muscles
-dilates pupils and airway
-inhibits digestive and urinary tract
-erect penis

Question 8

describe the parasympathetic division

Answer 8

rest and digest
-originates: brain and sacral spinal cord of the CNS
-2nd axon: shorter

Question 9

what are the reactions of the parasympathetic division

Answer 9

-heart rate and breathing rate slow
-gastrointestinal tract digests food
-pupils are constricted
-ejaculation of penis

Question 10

describe the parasympathetic pathway

Answer 10

-1st neuron: found in cranial (brain) and sacral regions of the CNS
-1st axon: long
-ganglia containing cell bodies of 2nd neuron are at or near target organs
-site of second synpase: on or in target organ
-2nd axon: short

Question 11

describe the sympathetic pathway

Answer 11

-originates: thoracic and lumbar regions of spinal cord
-contains more ganglia than parasympathetic
- thoraco-lumbar outflow: preganglionic cell bodies arein the spinal cord: lateral gray horn
-2nd neuron location: sympathetic trunk, prevertebral or collateral ganglia
-2nd axon: long
-2nd synapse: in ganglia outside of spinal cord

Question 12

where are sympathetic trunk ganglia

Answer 12

paired ganglia that run along the sides of vertebrae, contain motor neuron cell bodies.

Question 13

what do the sympathetic trunk ganglia connect to

Answer 13

to the ventral rami of the spinal nerves by white and gray communicating rami.

Question 14

what is the arrangement of sympathetic collateral ganglia

Answer 14

unpaired and not segmented

Question 15

what is the location of sympathetic collateral ganglia

Answer 15

anterior to the vertebral column in the abdomen and pelvis only, usually on the surface of the aorta.

Question 16

white rami

Answer 16

contain preganglionic fibers traveling to sympathetic trunk ganglia- before synapse
-lateral

Question 17

gray rami

Answer 17

contain only postganglionic fibers traveling to peripheral structures- have synapsed

Question 18

numeric sympathetic pathway with ganglion
-generic: on the same level

Answer 18

1. origin: starts at ventral side of lateral horn
2. motor side- rootlet- ventral root
3. joins to spinal nerve
4. ventral rami
5. white rami
6. to reach sympathetic trunk ganglia or collateral ganglia-2nd synapse
7. gray ramus-postganglionic neuron extends to effector organ

Question 19

sympathetic pathway 2

Answer 19

axon descends or ascends in the sympathetic trunk to synpase in another ganglion

Question 20

sympathetic pathway 3

Answer 20

axon passes through the sympathetic trunk, exits on a splanchnic nerve (thoracic or lumbar) and synapses in collateral ganglion

Question 21

visceral reflexes

Answer 21

still have reflex arc
-involuntary
-visceral sensory input - motor output

Question 22

special innervations of the sympathetic ANS

Answer 22

-sympathetic fibers in the limbs
-arrector pilli muscles
-sweat glands
-smooth muscle in the walls of arteries and vains