ch.3 embryology week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

embryology and its importance

A

study of the origin and development of an individual.
-importance: for understanding the normal relationship of adult structures.

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2
Q

prenatal period

A

time between conception and birth

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3
Q

what are the portions of the prenatal period

A

-embryonic: first 8 weeks, crucial for development
-fetal period: remaining 30 weeks; body size increases

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4
Q

what does the adult body basic plan include?

A

-skin
-outer body wall: trunk musculatore
-body cavities and inner tube

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5
Q

what are the key events of week 1:

A

-fertilization and zygote formation
-cleavage and blastocyst formation
-beginning of implantation

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6
Q

week 2 key events

A

-completion of implantation
-formation of embryonic disc
-amniotic sac and yolk sac

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7
Q

week 3 key events:

A
  • gastrulation
    -neural tube formation
    -mesoderm differentiation
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8
Q

week 4 key events:

A

-folding embryo into normal shape
-derivates of germ layer

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9
Q

week 5 key events:

A

all development processes occur by week 5

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10
Q

week 1: fertilization
-how does it start?

A

-release of an immature egg

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11
Q

what is the term for an immature egg?

A

oocyte

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12
Q

where does fertilization occur?

A

in the lateral 1/3 of the uterine tube.
egg needs to be cast off and meet sperm

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13
Q

how long does healthy sperm last?

A

up to five days

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14
Q

what does semen contain

A

enzymes, nutrients and other compounds that promote healthy sperm and aid in movement

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15
Q

female infertility and causes

A

-accounts 30%
-hormonal imbalances causing ovulation issues
-blockages in uterine tubes
-infections in the lining of the uterus
-endometriosis and uterine fibroids.

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16
Q

where does the sperm bind to the oocyte during fertilization?

A

bind to receptors on the zona pellucida (external membrane), around the oocyte

17
Q

once one sperm binds

A

all other sperm are rejected

18
Q

the sperm head contains

A

paternal genetic info

19
Q

what is the outcome of fertilzation?

A

production of a zygote (fertilized egg)

20
Q

week 1: cleavage and blast
-once the zygote divides, it makes

A

two daughter cells called blastomeres

21
Q

cleavage

A

the process of creating blastomeres.
-creates large number of cells that become the building blocks of the embryo.

22
Q

week 1: cleavage and blast
-what is a morula

A

a solid ball of cells
-made by day 3

23
Q

week 1: cleavage and blast
-compaction?

A

the tight alignment of morula cells, allows greater cell to cell interaction; a pre-req for embryonic formation

24
Q

week 1: cleavage and blast
-what happens on day 4?

A

the morula reaches the uterus and undergoes a series of changes:
-fluid from the uterus enters the morula and collects between the blastomeres= generates a central cavity
* makes a blastocyst

25
Q

week 1: cleavage and blast
-what is a blastocyst?

A

new fluid filled structure (day 4)
almost ready for implantation

26
Q

week 1: cleavage and blast
what happens on days 4-7 to the blastocyst’s structure?

A

-trophoblast and embryoblast forms

27
Q

week 1: cleavage and blast
-describe trophoblast and embryoblast

A

-trophoblast: an outer cell layer surrounding the blastocyst cavity. helps form the placenta
-embryoblast: inner cell mass. helps form the embryo.

28
Q

week 1: cleavage and blast
-how long does the blastocyst stage last? and where does it go?

A

-around three days. days 4-7.
-during that time the blastocyst is free. but around day 6 it starts to burrow into the uterine wall

29
Q

week 1: beginning of implantation
-when does implantation start and how long does it take?

A

-starts on day 6 and takes about a week to complete

30
Q

week 1: beginning of implantation
-what is overall what happens during implantation

A

the trophoblast erodes the uterine lining until the entire blastocyst becomes embedded within the structure
-the projections of the trophoblast tat erode the maternal lining allow the blastocyst to penetrate itself inside .

31
Q

ectopic pregancy:

A

implantation occurs somewhere else, no good epithelium.