lower limb Flashcards
gluteal region
gluteal muscles
origin
insertion
actions
gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
origin: iluem of pelvis
insertion: lateral femur
actions: mainly extensors, abuctors, and medial rotators of the thigh at the hip
gluteal region
deep group of smaller of smaller muscles:
action
piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli, quadratus femoris, obturator externus
action: lateral rotators of the thigh, stabilize hip
innervation of lower limb
from sacral plexus branches (L4-S4)
sciatic nerve
thickest and longest nerve of the body
innervates: posterior thigh, leg and foot
what is the sciatic nerve composed of
-tibial nerve
-common fibular nerve
the thigh bones
femur and patella
patella: sesamoid bone
thigh muscle compartments
anterior, posterior, and medial
thigh
anterior compartment: hip flexors and knee extensors
-sartorious: flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh, flexes leg at the knee
-tensor fasciae latae
-quadriceps femoris group (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedialis muscles): forms bulk and forms a common tendon inserting into the patellar ligament into the tibial tuberosity
-iliopsoas: chief thigh flexor
thigh
anterior compartment:
action and innervation
-action: extension of the knee and flexion of the thigh at hip joint
innervation: femoral nerve
thigh
anterior compartment:
iliospoas:
origin and insertion
origin: iliac fossa of sacrum and transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
thigh anterior compartment:
sartorius:
origin and insertion
origin: anterior iliac spine
Insertion: medial aspect of proximal tibia (knee)
thigh anterior compartment:
tensor fascae latae
origin
insertion
origin:
anterior iliac crest
insertion: iliotibial tract
thigh anterior compartment:
quadriceps femoris group
origin and insertion
origin: upper femur
insertion: quad tendon- patellar ligament into the tibial tuberosity
thigh anterior compartment:
pectineus
action
origin
insertion
action: flexes thigh and assists with medial rotation
origin: pectineal line of pubis
insert: lesser trochanter
medial compartment of thigh:
muscles
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor mangus
gracilis
pectineous
medial compartment of the thigh
action and innervation of the
action: adduction
innervation: obturator nerve
medial compartment the thigh:
origin
insertion
origin: pubic bone
insert: medial and posterior sides of femur
femoral triangle
muscular boundaries
contents
clinically relevant space in the anterior superior 1/3 of the thigh
-muscular boundaries: sartorius and adductor longus
-contents: femoral nerve and its terminal branches, femoral artery and branches, femoral vein, lymphatics
posterior thigh: hamstrings
muscles
biceps femoris (2 heads), semimembranous, and semitendinosus
posterior thigh:
action
innervation
origin:
action: flexion of the knee and extension of the thigh at the hip joint
innervation: sciatic nerve
origin: ischial tuberosity
posterior thigh:
biceps femoris
insertion
passes laterally into the head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
posterior thigh :
semitendinosus
insertion
medial aspect of upper tibial shaft
posterior thigh:
semimembranous
medial condyle of tibia
what are the bones in the leg
tibia and fibula
tibia
-weight bearing
-artivulates with the femur superiorly and the talus inferiorly, and the fibula laterally
fibula
serves mainly for muscle compartment
what are the muscular compartments of the leg
anterior, lateral, and posterior
movements of the foot
dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, eversion, and inversion
anterior compartment for leg:
muscles
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis
anterior compartment of the leg:
action
blood supply
innervation
action: dorsiflexion, inversion of the foot. extension of the toes
blood supply: anterior tibial artery and vein
innervation: deep fibular nerve
anterior leg
tibialis anterior
origin
insertion
origin: lateral condyle and tibial shaft
insert: ankle, inferior medial cuneiform
anterior leg
extensor digitorum longus
origin
insertion
origin: lateral condyle of tibia
insert: middle and distal phalanges
anterior leg
extensor hallucis longus
origin
insertion
origin: anteromedial fibula shaft
insert: big toe
anterior leg
fibularis
origin
insertion
origin: distal anterior surface of the fibula
insertion: dorsum of fifth metatarsal
lateral leg
muscles
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
lateral leg
actions
blood supply
innervation
action: eversion of the foot and weak plantar flexion of the ankle
blood supply: no artery course, perforating branches of the anterior tibial and fibular arteries and veins
innervation: superficial fibular nerve
lateral leg
fibularis longus
origin
insertion
origin: head of lateral fibula
insert: 1st metatarsal
onto tendon
lateral leg
fibularis brevis
origin
insertion
origin: distal fibula shaft
insert: 5th metatarsal tendon
posterior leg
muscles : 2 groups
superficial and deep
posterior leg: superficial group muscles
known as triceps surae
-plantaris
-soleus
-gastrocnemius
posterior leg: superficial muscles
action:
innervation:
insertion:
action: plantar flexion of the foot
innervation: tibial nerve
insert: calcaneal tendon to the calcaneous
posterior leg: superficial muscles
plantaris
origin
posterior femur of lateral condyle
posterior leg: superficial muscles
soleus
origin
origin: cone shaped superior tibia and fibula
post leg: superficial muscles
gastrocnemius
origin
medial and lateral condyles of femur
posterior leg: deep group
muscles
origin and insert
popliteus: o-lateral condyle of femur, i-proximal tibia
flexor hallucis: o-middle shaft of tibia. i-big toe
flexor digitorum: o-posterior tibia, i-toes 2-5
tibialis posterior: o-superior tibia and fibula, i-tarsals and metatarsals 2-4.
posterior leg: deep group
muscle actions
popliteus: unlocks knee
flexor hallucis: flexes big toe
flexor digitorum: flexes digits and plantar flexes ankle
tibialis posterior: plantar flexes the ankle
posterior leg: deep group
overall action
innervation
action: inversion and plantar flexion of the foot, flexion of the toes
innervation: tibial nerve
foot bones
7 tarsal bones
talus: articulates with tibia
calcaneous: heel
navicular
5 metatarsal bones
14 phalanges
8 carpal
what are the functions of arches of the foot and three types
weight districution
-medial
-lateral longitudinal
-transverse
muscles of the foot:
function of instrinsic muscles
stabilize joints and allow small movements
lumbricals of foot
flexion and extension
interossei of foot
adduction and abduction
