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anatomy > lower limb > Flashcards

lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

gluteal region
gluteal muscles
origin
insertion
actions

A

gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
origin: iluem of pelvis
insertion: lateral femur
actions: mainly extensors, abuctors, and medial rotators of the thigh at the hip

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2
Q

gluteal region
deep group of smaller of smaller muscles:
action

A

piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli, quadratus femoris, obturator externus
action: lateral rotators of the thigh, stabilize hip

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3
Q

innervation of lower limb

A

from sacral plexus branches (L4-S4)

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4
Q

sciatic nerve

A

thickest and longest nerve of the body
innervates: posterior thigh, leg and foot

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5
Q

what is the sciatic nerve composed of

A

-tibial nerve
-common fibular nerve

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6
Q

the thigh bones

A

femur and patella
patella: sesamoid bone

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7
Q

thigh muscle compartments

A

anterior, posterior, and medial

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8
Q

thigh
anterior compartment: hip flexors and knee extensors

A

-sartorious: flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh, flexes leg at the knee
-tensor fasciae latae
-quadriceps femoris group (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedialis muscles): forms bulk and forms a common tendon inserting into the patellar ligament into the tibial tuberosity
-iliopsoas: chief thigh flexor

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9
Q

thigh
anterior compartment:
action and innervation

A

-action: extension of the knee and flexion of the thigh at hip joint
innervation: femoral nerve

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10
Q

thigh
anterior compartment:
iliospoas:
origin and insertion

A

origin: iliac fossa of sacrum and transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

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11
Q

thigh anterior compartment:
sartorius:
origin and insertion

A

origin: anterior iliac spine
Insertion: medial aspect of proximal tibia (knee)

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12
Q

thigh anterior compartment:
tensor fascae latae
origin
insertion

A

origin:
anterior iliac crest
insertion: iliotibial tract

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13
Q

thigh anterior compartment:
quadriceps femoris group
origin and insertion

A

origin: upper femur
insertion: quad tendon- patellar ligament into the tibial tuberosity

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14
Q

thigh anterior compartment:
pectineus
action
origin
insertion

A

action: flexes thigh and assists with medial rotation
origin: pectineal line of pubis
insert: lesser trochanter

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15
Q

medial compartment of thigh:
muscles

A

adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor mangus
gracilis
pectineous

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16
Q

medial compartment of the thigh
action and innervation of the

A

action: adduction
innervation: obturator nerve

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17
Q

medial compartment the thigh:
origin
insertion

A

origin: pubic bone
insert: medial and posterior sides of femur

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18
Q

femoral triangle
muscular boundaries
contents

A

clinically relevant space in the anterior superior 1/3 of the thigh
-muscular boundaries: sartorius and adductor longus
-contents: femoral nerve and its terminal branches, femoral artery and branches, femoral vein, lymphatics

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19
Q

posterior thigh: hamstrings
muscles

A

biceps femoris (2 heads), semimembranous, and semitendinosus

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20
Q

posterior thigh:
action
innervation
origin:

A

action: flexion of the knee and extension of the thigh at the hip joint
innervation: sciatic nerve
origin: ischial tuberosity

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21
Q

posterior thigh:
biceps femoris
insertion

A

passes laterally into the head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

22
Q

posterior thigh :
semitendinosus
insertion

A

medial aspect of upper tibial shaft

23
Q

posterior thigh:
semimembranous

A

medial condyle of tibia

24
Q

what are the bones in the leg

A

tibia and fibula

25
Q

tibia

A

-weight bearing
-artivulates with the femur superiorly and the talus inferiorly, and the fibula laterally

26
Q

fibula

A

serves mainly for muscle compartment

27
Q

what are the muscular compartments of the leg

A

anterior, lateral, and posterior

28
Q

movements of the foot

A

dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, eversion, and inversion

29
Q

anterior compartment for leg:
muscles

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis

30
Q

anterior compartment of the leg:
action
blood supply
innervation

A

action: dorsiflexion, inversion of the foot. extension of the toes
blood supply: anterior tibial artery and vein
innervation: deep fibular nerve

31
Q

anterior leg
tibialis anterior
origin
insertion

A

origin: lateral condyle and tibial shaft
insert: ankle, inferior medial cuneiform

32
Q

anterior leg
extensor digitorum longus
origin
insertion

A

origin: lateral condyle of tibia
insert: middle and distal phalanges

33
Q

anterior leg
extensor hallucis longus
origin
insertion

A

origin: anteromedial fibula shaft
insert: big toe

34
Q

anterior leg
fibularis
origin
insertion

A

origin: distal anterior surface of the fibula
insertion: dorsum of fifth metatarsal

35
Q

lateral leg
muscles

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis

36
Q

lateral leg
actions
blood supply
innervation

A

action: eversion of the foot and weak plantar flexion of the ankle
blood supply: no artery course, perforating branches of the anterior tibial and fibular arteries and veins
innervation: superficial fibular nerve

37
Q

lateral leg
fibularis longus
origin
insertion

A

origin: head of lateral fibula
insert: 1st metatarsal
onto tendon

38
Q

lateral leg
fibularis brevis
origin
insertion

A

origin: distal fibula shaft
insert: 5th metatarsal tendon

39
Q

posterior leg
muscles : 2 groups

A

superficial and deep

40
Q

posterior leg: superficial group muscles
known as triceps surae

A

-plantaris
-soleus
-gastrocnemius

41
Q

posterior leg: superficial muscles
action:
innervation:
insertion:

A

action: plantar flexion of the foot
innervation: tibial nerve
insert: calcaneal tendon to the calcaneous

42
Q

posterior leg: superficial muscles
plantaris
origin

A

posterior femur of lateral condyle

43
Q

posterior leg: superficial muscles
soleus
origin

A

origin: cone shaped superior tibia and fibula

44
Q

post leg: superficial muscles
gastrocnemius
origin

A

medial and lateral condyles of femur

45
Q

posterior leg: deep group
muscles
origin and insert

A

popliteus: o-lateral condyle of femur, i-proximal tibia
flexor hallucis: o-middle shaft of tibia. i-big toe
flexor digitorum: o-posterior tibia, i-toes 2-5
tibialis posterior: o-superior tibia and fibula, i-tarsals and metatarsals 2-4.

46
Q

posterior leg: deep group
muscle actions

A

popliteus: unlocks knee
flexor hallucis: flexes big toe
flexor digitorum: flexes digits and plantar flexes ankle
tibialis posterior: plantar flexes the ankle

47
Q

posterior leg: deep group
overall action
innervation

A

action: inversion and plantar flexion of the foot, flexion of the toes
innervation: tibial nerve

48
Q

foot bones

A

7 tarsal bones
talus: articulates with tibia
calcaneous: heel
navicular
5 metatarsal bones
14 phalanges
8 carpal

49
Q

what are the functions of arches of the foot and three types

A

weight districution
-medial
-lateral longitudinal
-transverse

50
Q

muscles of the foot:
function of instrinsic muscles

A

stabilize joints and allow small movements

51
Q

lumbricals of foot

A

flexion and extension

52
Q

interossei of foot

A

adduction and abduction

anatomy (42 decks)

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