alimentary canal pt.2

Question 1

mesentery

Answer 1

a double layer of peritoneum that extends form the body wall to digestive organs
-holds organs in place
-provides a route for circ vessel and nerves
length determines motility

Question 2

two examples of mesentery

Answer 2

-lesser omentum: runs form liver to stomach-posterior
-greater omentum: links the inferior surface of the stomach to adjacent organs.

Question 3

seconadarily retroperitoneal :

Answer 3

organs fuse to the wall and lose their mesentery

Question 4

intraperitoneal

Answer 4

digestive organs remain surrounded by the peritoneal cavity

Question 5

structures made by peritoneum

Answer 5

1. mesentery
2. omentum: double layered mesentery attached to the stomach and first part of duodenum to adjacent organs
3. ligament: two layers of peritoneum that connect two organs to eachother or organ to ab wall

Question 6

development:
week 4 embryo has a inner tube composed of

Answer 6

endoderm: gives rise to the epithelium of alimentary canal and gut derived organs
splanchnic mesoderm: outer layers in the wall of alimentary canal

Question 7

divisions of the primitive gut:

Answer 7

1. foregut: esophagus, stomach, pancreas, duodenum, liver, bile duct
2. midgut: small intestine distal to the bile duct, cecum, appendix, ascending and post of transverse colon
3. hindgut: remainder of colon and rectum

Question 8

the midgut grows _____ and is supplied by the _________ artery

Answer 8

rapidly
superior mesenteric artery

Question 9

dev
as the midgut is growing it

Answer 9

herniates into the proximal part of the umbilical cord

Question 10

dev:
return of midgut

Answer 10

rotates 270 around the axis of SMA
-avoids knots

Question 11

blood supply
origin

Answer 11

abdominal aorta

Question 12

blood supply
branches from abdominal aorta-unpaired

Answer 12

1. celiac trunk: supplies foregut
2. superior mesenteric artery: supplies midgut
3. inferior mesenteric artery: supplies hindgut

Question 13

gastric blood supply: stomach

Answer 13

heavily vascularized
-origin: celiac trunk

Question 14

gastric blood supply: stomach
lesser curvature

Answer 14

-lesser curvature: recives blood from right and left gastric arteries

Question 15

gastric blood supply: stomach
greater curvature

Answer 15

receives blood from the right and left gastro-omental arteries

Question 16

3 main arteries of celiac trunk

Answer 16

left gastric artery: stomach
splenic artery: spleen
common hepatic artery: liver

Question 17

venous drainage
main channel:
formed:
function

Answer 17

hepatic portal vein
formed by the union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins
function: collects blood from alimentary tract, pancreas, spleen, and gallbladder
-carries to the liver

Question 18

the foregut is drained

Answer 18

by the splenic vein

Question 19

midgut is drained

Answer 19

by the superior mesenteric vein

Question 20

hindgut is drained

Answer 20

inferior mesenteric vein

Question 21

pathway of veins

Answer 21

inferior-splenic-joins with superior-hepatic-to liver for filtration

Question 22

anastomeses

Answer 22

between caval and portal system all around the body
-not always filtered through the liver right away

Question 23

blood supply of the oral cavity

Answer 23

supplied by external carotid artery

Question 24

blood supply of the esophagus

Answer 24

supplied by branches of the abdominal aorta: brachial ,esophageal and phrenic

Question 25

innervation of alimentary canal is from

Answer 25

enteric nervous system

Question 26

sympathetic: thoraco-lumbar outflow

Answer 26

depresses

Question 27

parasympathetic: cranio-sacral outflow

Answer 27

enourages

Question 28

features of enteric nervous system

Answer 28

-continuation of ANS
independent of CNS

Question 29

enteric neurons:

Answer 29

form relfex arcs of sensory , interneuron and motor neurons that control the muscular and secretory functions of digestive organs

Question 30

enteric neurons
-mesenteric plexus

Answer 30

located in the smooth muscle, controls peristalsis

Question 31

enteric neurons
submucosal plexus

Answer 31

located in the submucosal layer, controls secretion and the muscularis mucosae.

Question 32

histal hernia

Answer 32

protrusion of part of stomach into mediastinum through esophageal hiatus

Question 33

gastric ulcers

Answer 33

open lesions of the mucosa of the stomach

Question 34

omphalocele

Answer 34

congenital umbilical hernia of the midgut