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anatomy > body wall > Flashcards

body wall Flashcards

1
Q

external surface of the organisms, composed of ectoderm and mesoderm

A

body wall

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2
Q

thoracic body wall

A

surrounds thoracic cavity and organs

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3
Q

abdominal cavity

A

surrounds the abdominal (peritoneal cavity) and organs

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4
Q

the limbs, scrotum, and breasts are part of the

A

body wall

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5
Q

the body wall is accessory to

A

somites

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6
Q

what are muscles of the thoracic body wall

A

-intercostal muscles: external, internal, and innermost
-diaphragm
-serratus posterior superior
-serratus posterior inferior

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7
Q

thoracic muscles
describe the intercostal muscles

A

external: elevate the rib cage during inspiration
internal: depress the rib cage during expiration.
innermost: discontinuous, expiratory, decrease the volume of the ribcage

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8
Q

thoracic muscles
diaphragm

A

broad muscle that forms the floor of the thoracic cavity, chief respiratory muscle, flattens as it contracts to increase the volume to the thoracic cavity

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9
Q

thoracic muscles
serratus posterior superior

A

elevates the ribs, mostly proprioceptive in function

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10
Q

thoracic muscles
serratus posterior inferior

A

depress ribs, proprioreceptive in function

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11
Q

describe the other muscles of the thoracic body wall that do not have a function relating to the thoracic cavity

A

-pectoralis major
-pectoralis minor
-serratus anterior
-innervated by branches of brachial plexus, move the upper limbs

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12
Q

what are the muscles present in the abdominal wall

A
  1. external oblique: lateral
  2. internal oblique: lateral
  3. transverse oblique: lateral
    -rectus abdominus: medial
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13
Q

what are the layers of the abdominal body wall

A

1.skin
2.carpers fascia- adipose CT
3. scarpas fascia- aereolar CT
4. external oblique
5.internal oblique
6. transverse abdominis
7. transversalis fascia
8. extraperitoneal fat
9. parietal peritoneum: serous cavity
10. rectus abdominis

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14
Q

what are the two vessels of the anterolateralabdominal body wall

A

-superior epigastric vessels: branches of internal thoracic vessels
-inferior epigastric vessels: branches of external iliac muscles

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15
Q

describe the pathway of the abdominal vessels

A

use the body wall to travel around it to reach the ventral side, very thin and small, have poor anterior blood supply

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16
Q

abdominal muscles
external oblique

A

-superficial muscle on the lateral side
-attachment: pelvis and ribs
-direction: fibers run superomedially, up and in or down and out. \\///
-action: flex and rotate the trunk, work with internal oblique, can bend on right or left side. when both fire at the same time they can bend forward

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17
Q

abdominal muscles
internal oblique

A

-attachment: pelvis and ribs
-direction: fibers run perpendicular to the external oblique, ///\\
-action: flex and rotates the trunk, works with external oblique

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18
Q

abdominal muscles
transverse abdominis

A

-attachment: has very little skeletal attachment
-direction: fibers run horizontally
-actions: no skeletal movement, keeps organs compressed

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19
Q

abdominal muscles
rectus abdominis

A

-attachment: pubic symphosis inferiorly and xiphoid process, and costal cartilages 5-6 superiorly
-paired muscles separated by linea alba
-contained within rectus sheath+ fused aponeuroses of 3 flat abdominal muscles
-direction: vertical up and down
-actions: flex the trunk, stabilize, and control the tilt of the pelvis. bends anteriorly

20
Q

what are the major functions of the muscles in the abdomen

A

-support abdominopelvic contents
-protect abdominal viscera
-compress viscera to maintain or increase intra-abdominal pressure
-generate force necessary for defecation, micturition, and parturition
-produce anterior and lateral flexion and rotation of the trunk: helps with posture maintenance

21
Q

inguinal canal

A

-passage formed in relation to gonadal descent during fetal development

22
Q

where does the inguinal canal extend from?

A

extends from deep inguinal ring (entrance) to superficial inguinal ring (exit)

23
Q

inguinal canal
-deep ring

A

formed by evagination of transversalis facia

23
Q

inguinal canal
-superficial ring

A

external oblique aponeruosis

23
Q

what are the contents of the inguinal canal

A

spermatic cord in males
round ligament of uterus in females
blood
lymphatic vessels
ilioinguinal nerve

24
Q

describe the male inguinal canal

A

testes must pass through body wall via inguinal canal to scrotum
-guided by a gubernaculum
-testis descend: behind an evagination of peritoneum: processus vaginalis

25
Q

gonads in both sexes originate from what part of the body wall?

A

dorsal body wall of lumbar region

26
Q

describe the female inguinal canal

A

-ovaries descend behind fetal development but only to pelvis level. each ovary is guided by a gubernaculum.
-gubernaculum: becomes a round ligament of uterus and ovarian ligaments
-female inguinal canal: contrains round ligament of uterus and ilioinguinal nerve

27
Q

hernia

A

a protrusion of abdominal contents out of abdominal cavity through a weak point in muscles abdominal wall.
-common: parietal peritoneum, parts of small intestine, and greater amentum

28
Q

hernia sites:

A

-inguinal (above inguinal element)
-femoral (femoral canal)
-diaphragmatic -diaphram
-lumbar (lumbar triangle)
-umbilical (amphalocele)

29
Q

direct congenital- inguinal hernia

A

-frequency: more common
-viscera pass lateral to epigastric vessels
-exit: from anterior abdominal wall; via the superficial inguinal ring inside the spermatic cord, commonly passing into scrotum/labium majus
-predisposing factors: a patent processes vaginalis in younger patients, mostly males

30
Q

direct acquired inguinal hernia:

A

-frequency: less common
-viscera bulge through the abdominal wall; medial to inferior epigastric vessels
-exit from abdominal wall: herniating bowel passes via superficial inguinal ring lateral to spermatic cord; rarely enters scrotum
-predisposing factors: weakness of anterior abdominal wall in inguinal triangle

31
Q

location of abdominal surgical incisions

A

type of orientation, location of organs, bony cartilage boundaries, avoid motor nerves, maintain blood supply, minimize injuries to muscles and fascia

32
Q

goal of surgical incisions

A

split muscles between fibers rather than transcet muscles
-overlapping areas of innervation allow cutting, no sensory or motor loss

33
Q

breasts

A

features to the body wall, situated superficial to the underlying skeletal muscle

34
Q

breasts
-nipple

A

opening in the body wall through which milk is secreted

35
Q

breasts
-areola

A

pigmented skin surrounding the nipple

36
Q

breasts
-suspensory ligaments

A

CT that run from the underlying skeletal muscle to the overlying skin and support the breasts

37
Q

breasts
-lobules

A

tissue composed of simple cuboidal epithelial; milk secreting cellsd

38
Q

breasts
lactiferous ducts

A

milk passes from alveoli in the lobules through larger ducts until it reaches lactiferous ducts

39
Q

breasts
lactiferous sinus

A

milk accumulates during nursing

40
Q

scrotum

A

outpuching of the body wall
-has the same layers just different names

41
Q

development fo the scrotum

A

develops from an embryological feature called the labio scrotal swelling
-contains the fascial and muscular layers homologus to the abdominal body wall

42
Q

scrotum
dartos muscle

A

corrugates and wrinkles the skin of the scrotum

43
Q

scrotum
cremaster muscle

A

elevates the testis

anatomy (42 decks)

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