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anatomy > heart development > Flashcards

heart development Flashcards

1
Q

the cardiovascular system is the _____ major organ system to function in the embryo at the _____

A

-first
-end of week 3

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2
Q

what is the origin of blood vessels

A

blood islands: mesodermal mesenchyme cells, gives rise to blood cells, vessels and the heart
-collect at the cranial end

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3
Q

middle end of W3:
-day 20:

A

the embryonic heart reaches the thorax and isa pair of endothelial tubes in the body midline
-the tubes fuse together and pushes blood out of both ends.
-all four chambers arise from tubes

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4
Q

day 22:

A

heart starts pumping
-4 buldges have dev along the heart tube: sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, bulbus cordis

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5
Q

sinus venosus

A

initially receives all blood from the veins of the embryo
-becomes: smooth walled part of the right atrium, coronary sinus, and the SA node, also the posterior wall of left atrium
-collects deox blood

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6
Q

atrium

A

gives rise to pectinate muscles of right and left atria

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7
Q

ventricle:

A

strongest pumping chamber
-becomes the left ventricle

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8
Q

bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosis (cranial extension)

A

gives rise to the right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, and first part of the aorta

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9
Q

when does bending of the heart occur and why

A

days 23-28
-rapid growth of ventricle and bulbus cordis cause bending

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10
Q

bending
what direction do the ventricle and atrium move

A

-s shape
-ventricle: caudally
-atrium
-cranially

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11
Q

result of cardiac looping

A

the heart fold on itself and assumes its normal position of the left part of the thorax with atria: posteriorly and ventricles: anterior

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12
Q

by month 2

A

the heart divides into a series of chambers by formation of midline atrial and ventricular septa and valves

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13
Q

month 2
endocardial cushions

A

help form the hearts midline septum and valves

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14
Q

month 2
interatrial septum

A

forms by growing caudally from the hearts roof

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15
Q

month 2
interventricular septum

A

grows cranially from the hearts apex

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16
Q

month 2
neural crest cells

A

migrate where the atrium meets ventricle and make valves, base of pulmonary trunk, and descending aorta

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17
Q

what are the 3 vascular systems during fetal development

A
  1. intra-embryonic
  2. vitelline
  3. placental
18
Q

intra-embryonic function and 2 vessels that belong to it

A

vessels supply blood to and drain blood from embryonic tissues
-dorsal aorta: supplies blood to embryonic tissues
-cardinal veins: return deoxy blood from the body of embryo to the heart tube

19
Q

vitelline function and two vessels

A

vessels supply blood to and drain blood from the yolk sac, which contributes to blood supply in the GI tract in adults
-paired vitelline arteries
-veins to yolk sac

20
Q

placental vasc system function and 2 vessels

A

-includes paired umbilical arteries that deliver deoxy blood and fetal wastes to the placenta and umbilical vein that transports highly oxygenated, nutrient rich blood from the placenta.
-umbilical arteries: carries deoxy blood from the heart to the placenta
-veins to placenta: carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the heart.

21
Q

placental and pulmonary vein

A

only veins that carry oxygenated blood

22
Q

placental artery and pulmonary artery

A

only arteries that carry deoxy blood

23
Q

all blood vessels are in place by

A

month 3

24
Q

during pregnancy the placenta

A

provides both O2 and nutrients to fetus
-fetal circulation bypass the liver and lungs

25
Q

where does blood filter through in fetal circulation

A

liver of the mother via the placenta

26
Q

vessels to and from the placenta

A

-umbilical vein
-ductus venosus
-IVC and SVC

27
Q

vessels to and from the placenta
-umbilical vein

A

provides oxyg blood from the placenta

28
Q

vessels to and from the placenta
-ductus venosus

A

a shunt that bypasses the liver and enters the IVC, drains to IVC where oxygen rich blood mizes with deox blood returning to heart from caudal region of the body

29
Q

vessels to and from the placenta
IVC and SVC

A

drain moderately oxygenated blood into the right atrium

30
Q

shunts away from the pulmonary circuit

A

-foramen ovale
-ductus artiosis

31
Q

shunts away from the pulmonary circuit
-foramen ovale

A

hole in the interatrial septum; blood can travel from the right atrium- to the left atrium- to left ventricle-aorta- then body

32
Q

shunts away from the pulmonary circuit
-ductus arteriosis

A

between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta, any blood that passes the right atrium follows to the right ventricle- pulmonary trunk- diverts to the aorta-then to the body

33
Q

after birth

A

alveolar pressure in the lungs causes physiological changes in pulmonary arteries and veins

34
Q

pressure increases in both of the atria and cause the foramen ovale to

A

close and become the fossa ovalis

35
Q

after birth
-ductus arteriosis

A

degrades and becomes ligamentum arteriosum: CT

36
Q

clamping of the umbilical cord:
-umbilical cord

A

umbilical cord constricts and becomes ligamentum teres that anchors liver to body wall

37
Q

clamping of umbilical cord:
-ductus venosus

A

closes and becomes ligamentum venosum on the inferior surface of the liver

38
Q

clamping of umbilical cord:
-umbilical arteries

A

no longer functions, persist as medial umbilical ligaments

39
Q

the embryo has _____ oxygen levels

A

lower
-due to mixing

40
Q

ventricular septal defect

A

superior part of interventricular septum fails to form
-blood mixes between ventricles

41
Q

transposition of the great vessels

A

bulbus cordis does not divide properly, aorta comes from right ventricle and pulmonary trunk comes from left ventricle
-pumps deox blood to the body

42
Q

tetralogy fallot

A

-multiple defects
-pulmonary infundibulum stenosis: septum with a hole
-large IV septal defect: narrow opening
-overriding aorta arising directly above the septal defect: misplaced
-R ventricular wall hypertrophy due to high R side pressure

anatomy (42 decks)

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