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anatomy > cariovascular system > Flashcards

cariovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

functions

A

distribution of oxygen, nutrients, and thermoregulation (maintain a stable temp and distrubute

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2
Q

4 types of vessels

A

arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels and capillaries

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3
Q

arteries

A

carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the bodies tissues

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4
Q

veins

A

carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart from capillary beds, there are some exceptions

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5
Q

3 tunics (coats) of circulatory vessels

A

-tunica intima: thin endothelial lining, simple squamous; inner layer
-tunica media: middle smooth muscle layer
-tunica adventitia: outer CT coat, common, on the outside

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6
Q

thick layer of smooth muscle (tunica medina) is associated with

A

an artery

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7
Q

thin layer of smooth muscle (tunica medina) is associated with

A

a vein

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8
Q

what are the three types of arteries:

A
  1. large elastic
  2. medium muscular
  3. small arteries and arterioles
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9
Q

arteries:
large elastic

A

many elastic layers allow expansion when the heart contracts.
ex. aorta and its arch branches

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10
Q

arteries
medium muscular

A

ability to vasoconstruct regulates blood flow to different parts of the body as required, distributes; have smooth muscle; ANS

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11
Q

arteries
small arteries and arterioles

A

narrow lumina and thick muscular
-ex. found everywhere

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12
Q

veins

A

have thinner walls compared to companion arteries due to lower blood pressure in the venous system; variable and frequent anastomoses are present

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13
Q

smallest veins and venules

A

form plexus

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14
Q

medium veins in limbs

A

have two mechanisms that encourage blood flow back to heart
-valves: permit blood flow toward the heart, stops blood from dropping further
-muscolovenous pump: next to large muscles, contract and squeeze veins

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15
Q

large veins

A

wide bundles of longitudinal smooth muscle and a well-d tunica and adventitia developed. ex SVS and IVC

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16
Q

capillaries

A

simple endothelial tubes: connection between arterial venous sides of circulation. between soft tissues, lymp beds

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17
Q

capillaries arranged in network:

A

capillary beds between arterioles and venules

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18
Q

function of capillaries

A

follow the exchange of O2 nutrients and other cellular materials with surrounding tissues.

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19
Q

arteriovenous anastromeses (AV)

A

shunts permit blood to bypass the capillaries, numerous in the skin, conserve body heat. close themselves

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20
Q

what are the two types of capillaries

A

continuous and sinusoidal

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21
Q

capillaries
continuous

A

most common type, formed of tight junctions (desmosomes), small molecules are forced to pass between capillaries at intracellular clefts between membranes, found everywhere

22
Q

capillaries
sinusoidal

A

rare, wider and leaky capillaries that allow the transfer of molecules that are larger
-present in the lymph system

23
Q

what are the major vascular systems

A

pulmonary, systemic, azygous, and hepatic

24
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the respiratory surfaces for oxygenation and back into the heart for distribution to the body.
-right ventricle-pulmonary trunk (arteries)-lungs-pulmonary veins-left atrium

25
Q

systemic circulation

A

takes oxygenated blood to body tissues-deoxygenated blood with CO2 to heart-back to lungs
-associated with the left side of the heart and has higher pressure
-associated with all arteries in the body except those that travel to the lungs for oxygenated purposes and veins

26
Q

arteries arise from the aorta: 4 parts

A

-ascending aorta
-aortic arch
-descending thorax and abdominal aorta

27
Q

4 parts of aorta
ascending aorta

A

right and left coronary arteries (supply the heart)

28
Q

4 parts of aorta
aortic arch

A

arteries to the head, neck, and upper limbs

29
Q

4 parts of aorta
descending thorax and abdominal aorta

A

arteries to the thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs

30
Q

systemic circulation
takes deox blood to the heart by 3 major veins

A

-superior vena cava
-inferior vena cava
-coronary sinus

31
Q

systemic circulation; 3 major veins
SVC

A

drains the head and upper limbs

32
Q

systemic circulation; 3 major veins
IVC

A

drains the thorax, abdomen, and lower limbs

33
Q

systemic circulation; 3 major veins
coronary sinus

A

drains the wall of the heart

34
Q

what is the function of azygous venous systems

A

drains blood from the thoracic wall and some thoracic viscera into the SVC and includes 3 unpaired vessels

35
Q

what are the three unpaired vessels in the azygous systems

A

-azygous: right side
-hemiazygos: left side
-accessory hemiazygos vein: left side

36
Q

describe the right side azygous system

A

intercostal vein-azygous vein-SVC

37
Q

describe the left side azygous system

A

intercostal vein-hemiazygos vein-azygous- SVC

38
Q

what is the function of the hepatic portal venous system

A

relays digestive products from the stomach and intestines, and red blood cell products to the liver for processing

39
Q

hepatic venous system
-hepatic portal vein

A

deoxy nutrient rich blood is drained into this vein to reach the liver for processing, detoxification and storage

40
Q

hepatic venous system
-processed blood is conveyed into the

A

systemic venous circuit by the hepatic veins that drain into the IVC

41
Q

hepatic venous system is formed by

A

superior mesenteric, splenic, and inferior mesenteric veins
-join to form the hepatic portal vein

42
Q

what are vascular anastomoses

A

neighboring vessels connect with one another; plexus like

43
Q

what is the importance of anastomeses

A

if one artery is blocked, blood can circumvate the blockage and still maintain competency with the tissue in question
around joints: help oxygenated blood to continue to flow to the tissue even if it is flexed/ extended

44
Q

varicose veins

A

abnormally weak and dilated veins as a result of lost elasticity.
-have less normal caliber and incompentent valves with cusps that do not meet or have been destroyed by inflammation
-most often seen in legs
-poor circulation, valves, and veins open.
-comes with age

45
Q

hemorrids

A

varicosities of the anal veins. the pooling in these veins is caused by the straining associated with childbirth or bowel movements. this straining raises the intraabdominal pressure, preventing the draining of the blood
-common with age, painful

46
Q

atherosclerosis

A

-atheroma: small, patchy thickenings that intrude into the vessel lumen and can prevent backflow if a passing clot becomes lodged.
- in the coronary arteries

47
Q

beginning stage of atherosclerosis

A

the fatty plaques force the vessel walls to grow outward, until the vessel cannot accomodate any further
-the vessels will grow less elastic and more brittle over time and plaque accumulates

48
Q

blood

A
  • accounts for 8% of body mass
    specialized form of CT in which blood cells are suspended in plasma
49
Q

composition of blood

A

blood plasma: the suspension fluid contains nutrients, proteins, sugars, amino acids, 90% water

50
Q

elements of blood cells

A

-erythrocytes: red blood cells, contain oxygen, no nucleus
-leukocytes: white blood cells
-platelets: clotting cells

anatomy (42 decks)

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