male reproductive system Flashcards
male development of testis
testis begin to move toward the scrotum, pull blood supply and innervation with them, once they reach the inguinal region, they do not descend further until the 7th month
what happens at 12 weeks in development?
reach inguinal region
3 months in development
increase in testosterone encourages gubernaculum to shorten and draw the testis into the scrotum
3 months in development
what is the guberanaculum
fibrous cord that attaches the inferior portion of the testis and the floor of the developing scrotal sac
3 months in development
processes vaginalis
outpouching of the peritoneal lining in the abdomen, pokes through the layers of the abdominal wall into the developing scrotum
the epididymis, ejaculatory duct, and ductus deferens arise from?
mesonephric duct
formation of the inguinal canal
testis form the inguinal canal as it descends to scrotum, males have 2
scrotum
sac of skin that extends to abdominopelvic cavity
positioning of the scrotum
provides a cooler environment to permit sperm production
2 muscles of the scrotum
-dartos muscle: from external oblique, wrinkles the skin
-cremaster muscle: form internal oblique, in spermatic cord
structures of the testis
-seminiferous tubules: sites of sperm and hormone production, thin tube, sperm isn’t mobile
-epididymis: organ where sperm matures
give the sequence of sperm traveling
- seminferous tubules
- epididymis
- ductus deferens
- ejaculatory duct (combines ductus deferens and seminal gland)
- prostatic urethra
- membranous urethra
- spongy urethra
- external meatus
accessory sex glands
-seminal vesicles
-prostate gland
-bulbourethral glands
seminal glands
elongated structures that lie between the fundus of the bladder and rectum
-function: secretes thick alkaline fluid that mixes with sperm as they pass into the ejaculatory ducts and urethra
-contains: fructose and nutrients, substances to enhance fertilzation
ejaculatory duct
arise: by the union of seminal gland and ductus deferens near the neck of the bladder
what secretions join the prostatic urethra after termination of the ejaculatory ducts
prostastic secretions
bulbourethral gland
inferior to prostate, secrete mucus into urethral
what tissue makes up the penis
-corpus spongiosum: ventral, urethra runs and is by the head of the penis. singular. covered by the bulbospongiosus
-corpus cavernosa: paired, erectile ability, provide rigidity.covered by the ischiocavernosus muscles
-both erect the penis
glans penis
tip of the penis, surrounds the urethral opening, continous with corpus spongiosum
prepuse
foreskin
divisions of the penis
- root
- bulb: corpus spongiosum
- crus: corpus cavernosa, anchors to ischium - shaft
- glands
male perineal muscles
-ischiocavernosus: covers crus and corpora cavernosa. internal to body. clamps crus, prevents outflow of veins, hardens during erection
-bulbospongiosus: covers bulb, mostly internal. expels all urine or semen from urethra, contracts pineal muscles and veins
suspensory ligament
deep fascial connection to the pubic symphysis
bucks fascia
deep fascia of the penile shaft continuous with the suspensory ligament
fundiform ligament
condensation of ab wall fascia
erection
-parasympathetic system
pro-erection; takes over
-allows relaxation of the smooth muscle and blood flows into erectile tissue
erection
relationship between smooth muscle, erectile tissue, and muscles of the penis
smooth muscle allows blood to fill erectile tissue
expanding erectile tissue places pressure on the veins
bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus compress the veins restricting outflow of blood
erection
parasympathetic nerves stimulate
bulbourethral glands and greater/lesser vestibular glands to secrete mucous, resulting in lubrication
erection in both genders have
reflexogenic (stimulation), psychogenic (thought induced_, and nocturnal (REM sleep) component
what are the two phases of ejaculation
emission and expulsion
ejaculation
the sympathetic nervous system: emmision
-closes the neck of the bladder to prevent backflow
-contracts smooth muscle in the epidymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate to coordinatlyey release secretions
-fluid to ducts
ejaculation
somatic nervous system: expulsion
nerve: pudenal nerve
-coordinated rhythmic contraction of the muscle in the bladder neck, external urethra sphincter, urethra, bulbospongiosus, pelvic striated muscles project semen through the urethra and out of the meatus
hypospadias
fusion of the urethral folds is incomplete
hydrocele and hematocele
fluid of blood accumulation in the processes vaginalis
ophimosis
foreskin cannot retract normally
paraphimosis
retracted foreskin gets caught behind the glans and cannot be removed
