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anatomy > ear cavity > Flashcards

ear cavity Flashcards

1
Q

ear

A

receptor organ for hearing and equilibrium

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2
Q

what are the 3 main regions of the ear

A
  1. external ear: functions in hearing, transference of sound to ear
  2. middle ear: hearing, connects to nasal cavity
  3. internal ear: participates in hearing and equilibrium
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3
Q

describe the components of the external ear

A

-auricle: elastic cartilage: gathers and directs sound waves to external acoustic meatus
-external acoustic meatus short cannal running medially from the auricle to the tympanic membrane (eardrum) and conducting sound waves
-tympanic membrane: forms the boundary between the external ear and the middle ears. eardrum
– covered with thin skin internally and a mucous membrane of the middle ear
– moves in response to air vibrations
– movements transmit to auditory ossicles

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4
Q

innervation of the ear

A

-auriculotemporal nerve V3
-small area: CN X
-internal ear: CN IX vestibulocochlear nerve

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5
Q

middle ear
-describe the tympanic membrane

A

narrow, filled with air, lines by a mucous membrane
-location: petrous portion of temporal bone
-2 parts:
tympanic cavity proper: directly internal to the tympanic membrane
epitympanic recess: superior to the membrane

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6
Q

middle ear:
the tympanic membrane connects with the nasopharynx by:

A

pharyngotympanic tube (anteromedially)
-and posteriorly with the mastoid antrum

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7
Q

middle ear internal ear ossicles

A

-malleus, incus, and scapes

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8
Q

middle ear muscles
muscles, innervation, and function

A

-dampen or resist movements of the ossicles
-strapedius: origin from the wall of ear to stapes
-tensor tympani muscle: from wall of ear and inserts to malleus and tempanic membrane
-innervation: chorda tympani nerve (branch VII) plexus

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9
Q

pharyngotympanic tube

A

connects the tympanic cavity to the nasopharynx where it opens posterior to the inferior nasal meatus
-structure: posterolateral 1/3 is bony, the rest is cartilaginous, lined with a mucous membrane
-function: equalize pressure in the middle ear with atm to allow free movement of tympanic membrane

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10
Q

inner ear contains

A

vestibulocochlear organ: sound reception and balance

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11
Q

vestibulocochlear nerve

A

-passes through the internal acoustic meatus and divides near the lateral end of the meatus
-cochlear nerve: hearing
-vestibular nerve: equilibrium

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12
Q

sound transmission
1. sound waves enter through the

A

external ear and vibrate the tympanic membrane

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13
Q

sound transmission
2. vibrations are transmitted through

A

ossicles of the middle ear

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14
Q

sound transmission
3. base of stapes:

A

vibrates in the oral window (between stapes and cochlea), which transmits amplified energy to the fluids of the cochlea

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15
Q

sound transmision
4. vibration from the stapes are transmitted through:

A

the perilymph chamber to the cochlear duct where the hair cells of the cochlear nerve are transmitted

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16
Q

sound transmission
5. vibrations are dissipated back:

A

into the middle ear cavity at the round window, releasing their remaining energy into the air of the tympanic cavity

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17
Q

ear innervation
-motor

A

-Trigeminal V3: tensor tympani muscle
-facial nerve VII: skin stapedius muscle

18
Q

ear innervation
general sensory:

A

-trigeminal V3: skin of external ear
-facial nerve VII: skin of external ear
-glossopharyngeal nerve IX: mucosa of the tympanic cavity, pharyngotympanic tube, and internal surface of tympanic membrane
-vagus nerve X: skin posterior to the ear and external acoustic meatus

19
Q

ear innervation
-special sense

A

-vestibulocochlear nerve VIII: hearing and equilibrium

20
Q

vertebral arteries
supply:
branches:
origin:
converge:

A

-supply: posterior brain
-branches: subclavian artery
-origin: arch of aorta
converge: basilar artery (base of brain), and posterior cerebral artery (posterior cerebrum)

21
Q

arteries of head and neck
most common:
end and divides:

A

common carotid arteries
ends and divides: branch under the maxilla

22
Q

branches of common carotid artery

A

-external carotid artery: supply most structures external to the cranium by sending multiple branches to target organs
internal carotid artery: no branches in the neck, supply the orbits and most of the brain- front

23
Q

internal carotid artery

A

-paired arterial branches of the common carotid artery
-supplies: orbits and most of the cerebrum
-anterior cerebral arteries
-middle cerebral arteries
-opthalmic arteries

24
Q

external carotid artery branches

A

-superior thyroid
-lingual
-facial
-occipital
-posterior auricular
-ascending pharyngeal
-superficial temporal
-maxillary

25
Q

external carotid artery branches
maxillary branch and divisions

A

-to internal neurocranium, masticatory muscles, and nasal cavity
-divisions:
-lower teeth
-upper teeth
-superior oral cavity (middle meningeal artery): enters foramen spinosum and is on the surface of the dura mater

26
Q

carotid body and carotid sinus location and innervation

A

at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery into internal and external branches
innerv: glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX

27
Q

carotid body

A

mass of tissue with chemoreceptors: that monitor oxygen and carbon dioxide levels

28
Q

carotid sinus

A

area in the wall of the artery with baroreceptors, monitor blood pressure

29
Q
  1. internal jugular vein
A

drain almost all of the blood via dural sinuses, anterior face, cervical viscera, and deep muscles of the neck

30
Q
  1. external jugular vein
A

drain parts of the scalp and face

31
Q

the internal and external jugular vein join before the

A

subclavian vein

32
Q

carotid sheath

A

wraps jugular vein and carotid artery
-protective CT

33
Q

dural sinuses

A

drain the brain between two layers of dura mater

34
Q

what are the two layers of dura mater

A

-periosteal: closest to bone
-meningeal: brain

35
Q

blood drains to what part of the vein:
exit:

A

posterior brain
exit: internal jugular vein at jugular foramen

36
Q

covernus sinus

A

lateral to sella turcica, receives blood from opthalmic veins
-innervatin: internal carotid, carotid plexus, III, IV, V1, V2 and VI

37
Q

cranial meninges

A

protect brain, form arteries, vains, and sinuses, enclose subarachnoid space with CSF
1. dura mater
2. arachnoid mater
3. pia mater 4

38
Q

extradural hemmorage:

A

blood torn from branches of middle meningal artery, on the outside of dura mater

39
Q

dura border hematoma:

A

breakage of vein, creates a space at dura-arachnoid junction, results from a blow to head

40
Q

subarachnoid hemmorage:

A

breakage of vein, into the subarachnoid space
-results from a ruptured aneurysm and head trauma

anatomy (42 decks)

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