ch.4 tissues; CT Flashcards
CT is the
most diverse and abundant type of tissue
what are the two main types of connective tissue proper:
-loose connective tissue proper
-dense connective tissue proper
characteristics of CT
-cells are situated in extracellular fluid-separated greatly
-ground substance
-the matrix of the CT is formed by the ground substance and fiber content
– loose vs dense CT is determined by the ratio of ground substance to fiber content
ground substance
a clear, colorless, viscous fluid fixes the body water and fibers (collagen) within the intracellular space
3 types of protein fibers
collagenous
elastic
reticular
3 types of protein fibers
collagenous
bind bones and other tissues to eachother, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, intervertebral disc.
3 types of protein fibers
elastic
allow organs to recoil; arteries and lungs
3 types of protein fibers
reticular
a scaffolding matrix; good building block but cannot withstand stress; liver, bone marrow, lymph
3 types of loose connective CT
areolar
adipose
reticular
3 types of dense CT
irregular
regular
elastic
mesenchyme (embryonic CT)
function
location
function: gives rise to all other connective tissue types
-location: primarily in the embryo
loose connective tissue: areolar
function
location
function: wraps and cushions organs, phagocytize bacteria, aids in inflammation, holds and conveys fluid
location: under epithelia, forms lamina propria of mucous membranes, packages organs, surrounds capillaries*
-most prominent tissue
loose connective tissue: adipose
function
location
function: nutrient storing, supports and protects
lcoation: under the skin in the hypodermis, around kidneys and eyes, and in breasts*
loose connective tissue: reticular
function
location
function: fibers form a soft internal skeleton, supports cells
location: lymphoid organs, spleen*, bone marrow
dense connective tissue: irregular
function
location
function: withstands tension, provides structural strength. contain thicker collagen fibers
location: dermis of the skin*.
-fibers run in different directions
dense connective tissue: regular
function: attaches muscles to bones, withstands stress, the strongest tissue
location: tendons*. most ligaments
dense connective tissue: elastic
function: allows recoil of tissue, stretching, has little extracellular fluid
location: walls of large arteries, walls of bronchial tubes*
closest to
adventia
CT surrounding an organ that is adjacent to a body cavity
serosa
organ sheath
sometimes CT will form a tough sheet of tissue that strongly envelopes an organ
fascia
generally CT that is found in places other than mentioned, and is deep to the skin. between the muscles
special types of connective tissue:
cartilage, bone, and blood
cartilage and functional properties
firm yet flexible
function: reinforcement and support, shape maintenance, and the ability to absorb compressive shock
cartilage is found in various parts of the skeleton
-ends of long bones, cartilage of the ribs, trachea- protection and supports, cushioning properties
-framework of the ear and nose-shape maintenance
-discs between the individual vertebrae-shock absorption
3 types of cartilage
hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage
cartilage
hyaline
function: supports and reinforces, resists stress
location: forms most of embryo, covers ends of bones, cartilage of the ribs*
cartilage
elastic
function: maintains the shape of a structure-allows flexibility
location: external ear*
cartilage
fibrocartilage
function: strength allows it to absorb shock
location: disc of knee joint, intervertebral disc*
Bone
makes up the skeletal framework of the body
function: supports and protects by enclosing subdivisions of the dorsal body cavity, provides levers for muscles to act on and produce carious movements of different joints, stores calcium, minerals and fat, and is the site for blood cell formation
blood
-most atypical type because it does not serve the functions of binding or support
function: vehicle of the cardiovascular system that allows transport of respiratory gases, defense cells, nutrients, wastes, and etc
