female reproductive system Flashcards
development of internal reproductive organs
start:
week 5; start as masses of gonads (gonadal ridges) in the intermediate mesoderm on the posterior abdominal wall
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mesonephric duct
future male duct
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paramesonephric duct
future female ducts
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sexually indifferent stage happens
week 5-6, both sexes have internal and external primordial structure
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when does sexual differentiation begin
week 7-8
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what happens during week 7-8
cortical portion of immature ovaries forms: ovarian follices
-paramesonephric duct: becomes uterus, uterine tubes, superior part of vagina
-mesonephric duct degrades
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what is the genital tubercule
present during the sexually indifferent stage, small projection on the external perineal surface
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urogenital sinus:
future urethra and bladder lie deep to genital tubercule
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urogenital groove
external opening of the urogenital sinus
-runs between the genital tubercule and anus and is laterally flanked by the urethral folds and labiosacral swellings
week 7-8 development in females:
genital tubercule-clitoris
urethral folds-labia minora
unfused labiosacral swellings-labia majora
urethral groove-vestibule
external genitalia components
mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, bulb of the vestibule, greater and lesser vestibular glands
internal genitalia components
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina
mons pubis
round fatty eminence overlying the pubic symphysis
labia majora
outer folds of skin that contain subcutaneous fat and the termination of the round ligament, less blood flow
labia minora
inner folds of fat free skin, have a core of spongy CT containing erectile tissue and many small blood vessels. internal aspects contain many sensory components
clitoris
erectile organ located where the labia minora meet anteriorly, consists of a root and a body, which are composed of 2 crura, 2 corpora cavernosa and the glans covered by prepuce
vestibule
space surrounded by the labia minora that contains the openings of the urethra, vagina, and the ducts of the greater and lesser vestibular glands
bulbs of the vestibule
paired masses of elongated erectile tissue along the sides of the vaginal orifice deep to the bulbospongiosus (compresses veins).
greater vestubular gland
on each side of the vestibule posterior to the vaginal orifice, glands open to vestibule and expel mucous during arousal
lesser vestibular glands
open between the urethral and vaginal orifices and secrete mucous
perinneal muscles
- ischiocavernosus
- bulbospongiosus
- superficial transverse perineal muscle
ischiocavernosus
maintains erection of the clitoris by compressing outflow veins
bulbospongiosus
sphincter of the vagina, assists in the erection of the clitoris and bulb of the vestibule and compress the greater vestibular gland. compresses veins
superficial transverse perineal muscle
supports and fixes the perineal body and pelvic floor to support viscera- anchors
vagina
mostly sub peritoneal Musculo membranous tube that extends from the cervix of the uterus to the vestibule of the vagina
function: canal for fluid, inferior birth canal, and reproduction
structure: typically collapsed
vaginal fornix
recess around the protruding cervix, has anterior, posterior, and lateral parts. prone to infections
arteries of the vagina
derive from the internal iliac artery
uterine arteries supply
superior vagina
middle and inferior vagina derive from
vaginal and pudendal arteries
veins
form plexus along the sides of the vagina and within the vaginal mucosa and drain into the internal iliac veins via the uterine veins
ovaries
female gonad, releases egg
the ovaries are connected to the body wall via
mesenteries and ligaments
not attached directly to the uterine tubes
ovaries are suspended by
mesovarium; broad ligament
uterus
hallow, thick walled muscular organ, receives retains and nourishes the fertilized egg
adult uterus
usually tipped forward, position changes relative to the degree of fullness of the bladder and rectum
divisions of the uterus
-body: includes the rounded fundus, constricted isthmus, uterine horns, moveable
-cervix: cylindrical, narrow and inferior part of the uterus, prevents immature release of baby
describe the uterine wall
- perimetrium: outer serous coat, consists of peritoneum, and CT
- Myometrium: middle and muscular coat that distends significantly during pregnancy, location of the main blood vessels and nerves
- endometrium: inner membrane layer. shed during periods and site of implantation, thickness is important
uterine fallopian tubes
location: lateral from uterine horns, lie in mesosalpinx in broad ligament
same 3 layers
4 parts of the uterine tubes
infundibulum: funnel, distal end opens into the peritoneal cavity
ampulla: widest and longest part
isthmus: enters uterine horn
uterine portion: short intramural segment
what are the 3 types of ligaments of the uterus and ovaries
- suspensory ligament of the ovary
- round ligament of the uterus
- broad ligament
suspensory ligament of the ovary
lateral extension of the broad ligament over the ovarian vessels
round ligament of the uterus
anchors uterus to anterior body wall, to labium majora
broad ligament
double layer of peritoneum that extends from the sides of the uterus to the lateral walls and floor of the pelvis
-mesometrium: mesentery of uterus
-mesosalpinx: mesentery of the uterine tube
-mesovarium: mesentery of ovary
mammary glands
modified sweat glands found between epithelial tissue
suspensory ligament of the uterus
thickenings of fascia that anchor breast to skin and separate glandular and flat lobules- CT
lactiferous duct
lubes drain into, collect milk and transport to lactiferous sinus
hysterectomy
excision of the uterus is performed through the lower abdominal wall or the vagina
-avoid clamping uterine artery
pudendal and ilio-inguinal nerve blocks
relieve pain
-pudendal: crosses the lateral aspect of sacospinous ligament, near ischial spine
-ilioinguinal nerve: anterior part of perineum
