female reproductive system

Question 1

development of internal reproductive organs
start:

Answer 1

week 5; start as masses of gonads (gonadal ridges) in the intermediate mesoderm on the posterior abdominal wall

Question 2

dev of internal repro organs
mesonephric duct

Answer 2

future male duct

Question 3

dev of internal repro organs
paramesonephric duct

Answer 3

future female ducts

Question 4

dev of internal repro organs
sexually indifferent stage happens

Answer 4

week 5-6, both sexes have internal and external primordial structure

Question 5

dev of internal repro organs
when does sexual differentiation begin

Answer 5

week 7-8

Question 6

dev of internal repro organs
what happens during week 7-8

Answer 6

cortical portion of immature ovaries forms: ovarian follices
-paramesonephric duct: becomes uterus, uterine tubes, superior part of vagina
-mesonephric duct degrades

Question 7

dev of external repro organs
what is the genital tubercule

Answer 7

present during the sexually indifferent stage, small projection on the external perineal surface

Question 8

dev of external repro organs
urogenital sinus:

Answer 8

future urethra and bladder lie deep to genital tubercule

Question 9

dev of external repro organs
urogenital groove

Answer 9

external opening of the urogenital sinus
-runs between the genital tubercule and anus and is laterally flanked by the urethral folds and labiosacral swellings

Question 10

week 7-8 development in females:

Answer 10

genital tubercule-clitoris
urethral folds-labia minora
unfused labiosacral swellings-labia majora
urethral groove-vestibule

Question 11

external genitalia components

Answer 11

mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, bulb of the vestibule, greater and lesser vestibular glands

Question 12

internal genitalia components

Answer 12

ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina

Question 13

mons pubis

Answer 13

round fatty eminence overlying the pubic symphysis

Question 14

labia majora

Answer 14

outer folds of skin that contain subcutaneous fat and the termination of the round ligament, less blood flow

Question 15

labia minora

Answer 15

inner folds of fat free skin, have a core of spongy CT containing erectile tissue and many small blood vessels. internal aspects contain many sensory components

Question 16

clitoris

Answer 16

erectile organ located where the labia minora meet anteriorly, consists of a root and a body, which are composed of 2 crura, 2 corpora cavernosa and the glans covered by prepuce

Question 17

vestibule

Answer 17

space surrounded by the labia minora that contains the openings of the urethra, vagina, and the ducts of the greater and lesser vestibular glands

Question 18

bulbs of the vestibule

Answer 18

paired masses of elongated erectile tissue along the sides of the vaginal orifice deep to the bulbospongiosus (compresses veins).

Question 19

greater vestubular gland

Answer 19

on each side of the vestibule posterior to the vaginal orifice, glands open to vestibule and expel mucous during arousal

Question 20

lesser vestibular glands

Answer 20

open between the urethral and vaginal orifices and secrete mucous

Question 21

perinneal muscles

Answer 21

1. ischiocavernosus
2. bulbospongiosus
3. superficial transverse perineal muscle

Question 22

ischiocavernosus

Answer 22

maintains erection of the clitoris by compressing outflow veins

Question 23

bulbospongiosus

Answer 23

sphincter of the vagina, assists in the erection of the clitoris and bulb of the vestibule and compress the greater vestibular gland. compresses veins

Question 24

superficial transverse perineal muscle

Answer 24

supports and fixes the perineal body and pelvic floor to support viscera- anchors

Question 25

vagina

Answer 25

mostly sub peritoneal Musculo membranous tube that extends from the cervix of the uterus to the vestibule of the vagina function: canal for fluid, inferior birth canal, and reproduction structure: typically collapsed

Question 26

vaginal fornix

Answer 26

recess around the protruding cervix, has anterior, posterior, and lateral parts. prone to infections

Question 27

arteries of the vagina

Answer 27

derive from the internal iliac artery

Question 28

uterine arteries supply

Answer 28

superior vagina

Question 29

middle and inferior vagina derive from

Answer 29

vaginal and pudendal arteries

Question 30

veins

Answer 30

form plexus along the sides of the vagina and within the vaginal mucosa and drain into the internal iliac veins via the uterine veins

Question 31

ovaries

Answer 31

female gonad, releases egg

Question 32

the ovaries are connected to the body wall via

Answer 32

mesenteries and ligaments not attached directly to the uterine tubes

Question 33

ovaries are suspended by

Answer 33

mesovarium; broad ligament

Question 34

uterus

Answer 34

hallow, thick walled muscular organ, receives retains and nourishes the fertilized egg

Question 35

adult uterus

Answer 35

usually tipped forward, position changes relative to the degree of fullness of the bladder and rectum

Question 36

divisions of the uterus

Answer 36

-body: includes the rounded fundus, constricted isthmus, uterine horns, moveable -cervix: cylindrical, narrow and inferior part of the uterus, prevents immature release of baby

Question 37

describe the uterine wall

Answer 37

1. perimetrium: outer serous coat, consists of peritoneum, and CT 2. Myometrium: middle and muscular coat that distends significantly during pregnancy, location of the main blood vessels and nerves 3. endometrium: inner membrane layer. shed during periods and site of implantation, thickness is important

Question 38

uterine fallopian tubes

Answer 38

location: lateral from uterine horns, lie in mesosalpinx in broad ligament same 3 layers

Question 39

4 parts of the uterine tubes

Answer 39

infundibulum: funnel, distal end opens into the peritoneal cavity ampulla: widest and longest part isthmus: enters uterine horn uterine portion: short intramural segment

Question 40

what are the 3 types of ligaments of the uterus and ovaries

Answer 40

1. suspensory ligament of the ovary 2. round ligament of the uterus 3. broad ligament

Question 41

suspensory ligament of the ovary

Answer 41

lateral extension of the broad ligament over the ovarian vessels

Question 42

round ligament of the uterus

Answer 42

anchors uterus to anterior body wall, to labium majora

Question 43

broad ligament

Answer 43

double layer of peritoneum that extends from the sides of the uterus to the lateral walls and floor of the pelvis -mesometrium: mesentery of uterus -mesosalpinx: mesentery of the uterine tube -mesovarium: mesentery of ovary

Question 44

mammary glands

Answer 44

modified sweat glands found between epithelial tissue

Question 45

suspensory ligament of the uterus

Answer 45

thickenings of fascia that anchor breast to skin and separate glandular and flat lobules- CT

Question 46

lactiferous duct

Answer 46

lubes drain into, collect milk and transport to lactiferous sinus

Question 47

hysterectomy

Answer 47

excision of the uterus is performed through the lower abdominal wall or the vagina -avoid clamping uterine artery

Question 48

pudendal and ilio-inguinal nerve blocks

Answer 48

relieve pain -pudendal: crosses the lateral aspect of sacospinous ligament, near ischial spine -ilioinguinal nerve: anterior part of perineum