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anatomy > alimentary canal > Flashcards

alimentary canal Flashcards

1
Q

2 categories of organs

A

alimentary canal (GI tract):
-mouth, pharynx, esophagus
-stomach, small intestine, and large intestine
accessory organs:
-teeth and mouth
-salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas

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2
Q

bones of the chewing apparatus

A

mandible: lower jaw
maxilla: upper jaw, hard palate

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3
Q

muscles of mastication and action

A

temporalis muscle: elevates mandible, retracts
masseter muscle: elevates mandible,
lateral pterygoid muscle: protracts mandible, lateral chewing motions
medial pterygoid muscle: elevates mandible
buccinator: compresses the cheeks

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4
Q

innervation of muscles of mastication and buccinator

A

mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve CN V3
-buccinator: buccal branch of facial nerve

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5
Q

accessory digestive organs in the oral cavity

A

-molars
salivary glands

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6
Q

salivary glands

A

produce clear fluid
-assist oral cavity: keep oral mucosa moist and held prevent food decay
-assist digestion: moisten food and prepare for digestion, contain enzymes that can start the physiological digestion of starches (amylase)

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7
Q

types of salivary glands

A

-parotid: largest salivary gland, located in front of the ear
-submandibular gland: lie along the body midline
-sublingual gland: smallest, sits deep to the tongue

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8
Q

tongue location and function

A

oral cavity and oropharynx
primary muscle, taste, manipulation, taste, and speech

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9
Q

extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

-genioglossus: tongue protraction
-hypoglossus: tongue depression
-styloglossus: tongue retraction and elevation

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10
Q

innervation of muscles of tongue

A

hypoglossal nerve (motor)

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11
Q

intrinsic muscles:

A

change shape of the tongue

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12
Q

pharynx

A
  1. nasopharynx
  2. oropharynx
  3. laryngopharynx
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13
Q

deglutition

A

process that transfers food bulus from the oral cavity through the oropharynx, into the pharync eventually through the esophagus into the mouth

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14
Q

steps of swallowing

A
  1. the bolus of food is squeezed to the back of the oral cavity by pushing the tongue against the palate
  2. the nasopharynx is sealed off by the epiglottis and the larynx is elevated, enlarging the pharynx to recieve food
  3. the pharyngeal constrictors contract and squeeze food into the esophagus
  4. the bulus of food moves down the esophagus by peristaltic contractions
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15
Q

innervation of the pharynx

A

vagus nerve

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16
Q

epiglottis

A

cartilage that opens and closes the airway, prevents food bulus from entering the trachea during swallowing
composition: elastic cartilage covered by mucous membrane

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17
Q

pharyngeal constrictors muscles

A

superior, middle, and inferior

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18
Q

palatopharyngeus, salpingpharyngeus, and stylopharyngeus

A

elevate the pharynx during swallowing

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19
Q

esophagus

A

function: muscular tube that propels swallowed food to the stomach
-begins as a cont of the pharynx
descends inferiorly through the thorax
-joins the stomach inferior to the diaphragm

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20
Q

composition of esophagus

A

-voluntary muscle: striated, upper 1/3
-involuntary muscle: smooth muscle in the lower 1/3
-mixture: middle 1/3

21
Q

innervation of esophagus

A

vagus nerve and fibers from the cervical sympathetic trunk. motor, sensory, parasympathetic, sympathetic, and visceral sensory fibers present

22
Q

the esophagus pierces through the ______ and enters the ______

A

diaphragm
stomach

23
Q

stomach
location
function

A

superior left part of the peritoneal cavity
function: mechanical breakdown of food to chyme by peristalsis. chemical breakdown of proteins via acids and enzymes. (hydrochloric acid and pepsin).

24
Q

features of stomach

A

cardiac region: at the junction with esophagus
fundus: stomachs dome
pylorus: termination of the stomach
greater curvature: convex
lesser curvature: concave
rugae: longitudinal folds

25
Q

small intestine

A

tube that runs from the pyloric sphinctor of the stomach to the large intestine
-longest part of the alimentary canal
site of enzymatic digestion and all nutrient absorption

26
Q

what are the three subdivisions of the small intestine

A
  1. duedenum: recieves digestive enzymes from the pancreas, bile from the liver and gallbladder
  2. jejunum: has more blood supply; vasa recta
  3. ileum:
27
Q

large intestine

A

last major organ of alimentary canal
-function: absorption of water and electrolytes

28
Q

what is included in the large intestine

A

cecum, colon: ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid, rectum, and anal canal

28
Q

ascending and descending colon

A

secondarily retroperitoneal

29
Q

rectum

A

secondary retroperitoneal

29
Q

cecum, transverse colon, and sigmoid

A

intraperitoneal dialysis

30
Q

features of the large intestine

A

-teniae coli: 3 thick bands of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers
-haustra: puches of the colon between the teniae
-amental appendces: small, fatty appendices of visceral peritoneum
-caliber: internal diameter

31
Q

large intestine
rectum

A

terminal

32
Q

anal canal

A

last subdivision of large intestine

33
Q

anal canal
internal anal sphincter

A

involuntary

34
Q

anal canal
external anal sphincter

A

voluntary

35
Q

accessory organ : liver

A

largest internal organ and gland
function: metabolic, storage of glycogen, bile secretion

36
Q

4 lobes of liver

A

right, left, caudate, quadrate

37
Q

liver
porta hepatis

A

passage of hepatic portal vein , artery, ducts, nerve plexus, and lymphatics

38
Q

liver
falciform ligament

A

binds the liver to the anterior ab wall

39
Q

liver
round ligament

A

ligamentum teres
extends from the umbilicus to the lover, remnant of umbilical vein that carries oxy blood from thee placenta to the fetus

40
Q

ligamentum venosum

A

cord like remnant of ductus venosus; shunted blood from the umb vein to the IVC

41
Q

segmentation of the liver

A

8 segments, supplied by a branch of the right and left hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein and drained by a branch of the right or left hepatic duct

42
Q

gallbladder

A

muscular sac
stores and concentrates bile by absorbing water and salts, expels bile into the duodenum

43
Q

right and left hepatic ducts drain

A

the right and left portal lobes of the liver

44
Q

right and left hepatic unite and form

A

common hepatic ductt

45
Q

the common hepatic duct is joined by the ______ and forms ______

A

cystic duct
bile duct

46
Q

accessory: pancreas

A

location: lies retroperitoneally, in the C shaped curve of the duodenum
function: digests sugars

47
Q

the main pancreatic duct:

A

joins the bile duct from the gallbladder and both empty in the duodenum

anatomy (42 decks)

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