neck

Question 1

neck

Answer 1

pathway for structures that run from the head to the thorax

Question 2

structures that reside in the neck

Answer 2

thyroid gland, muscles that move larynx, thyroid and hyoid nerves of the cervical region

Question 3

what are the skeletal features of the neck

Answer 3

1. cervical vertebrae: C1-C7
2. hyoid bone: mobile with no articulation, serves as attachment for anterior neck muscles

Question 4

the neck is divided into two regions

Answer 4

-anterior and posterior

Question 5

what are the landmark muscles that make the regions and what they are innervated by

Answer 5

1. sternocleidomastoid
2. trapezius
   -cranial nerve 11

Question 6

describe the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 6

-2 heads: sternal and clavicular. attach to the manubrium and clavicle. superior attachment: mastoid process of the temporal bone.

Question 7

what are the functions of the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 7

-unilateral contraction: laterally flexes the neck
-bilateral contraction: flexes chin to approach

Question 8

congenital torticollis

Answer 8

contraction of the cervical muscles that produces twisting of the neck and slanting of the head.

Question 9

muscles of the posterior section:
function

Answer 9

muscles: splenius capitis, rectis capitis, levator scapulae, middle and posterior scalenes
function: lateral neck flexion
main: trapezius

Question 10

nerves of the posterior triangle

Answer 10

-trapezius: CN XI (11)
-roots of brachial plexus: ventral rami of C5-C8 and T1, appear between anterior and middle scales
-ventral rami of cervical plexus: nerve loops (cutaneous branches to the skin of neck , superolateral thoracic wall, part of scalp, motor branches, phrenic nerves)

Question 11

anterior triangle subdivision

Answer 11

subdivided into 4 smaller triangles: unpaired submental and paired submandibular, carotid, and muscular triangles

Question 12

contents in the anterior triangle

Answer 12

1. lymph nodes
2. submandibular gland: cranial nerve XII
3. common carotid artery and its bifurcation, carotid body, and sinus
4. infrahyoid muscles, thyroid, and parathyroid glands

Question 13

muscles of anterior triangle: suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

Answer 13

function to steady or move the hyoid bone and larynx
-attach to hyoid bone, thyroid gland, and larynx

Question 14

anterior triangle
suprahyoid muscles

Answer 14

superior to hyoid, connect to cranium, constitute the floor of the mouth, elevate the hyoid and larynx in swallowing and tone production

Question 15

anterior triangle
infrahyoid muscles

Answer 15

inferior to hyoid, depress hyoid and larynx during swallowing and speaking

Question 16

deep structures of the neck, anterior triangle
prevertebral muscles

Answer 16

located posterior to cervical viscera and anterolateral to the vertebral column (longus capacities and coli, scales, splenius capitis, levator scapulae), function in anterior or lateral flexion of the neck and elevation of the scapula

Question 17

deep structures of the neck, anterior triangle
root of the neck

Answer 17

junction between thorax and neck, contains neurovascular and visceral stuctures viscera are grouped into function into endocrine (thyroid and parathyroid), respiratory (larynx and trachea), alimentary (pharynxa nd esophagus)

Question 18

carotid sheath

Answer 18

lateral to cervical, common and internal carotid arteries, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve

Question 19

thyroid gland
connection

Answer 19

right and left lobes connected by an isthmus, crosses anterior surface of tracheal rings 2 and 3.

Question 20

parathyroid gland

Answer 20

1-3, located on posteromedial surface of thyroid