brain Flashcards
brain is part of what
CNS and cranial cavity
development of brain
week 4
the brain develops from the rostral part of the nueral tube
-3 constrictions appear:
-forebrain
-midbrain
-hindbrain
development of brain
week 5
the primary vesicles give rise to 5 secondary vesciles
-brain develops into two major bends: midbrain and cervical
week 5
what are the 5 secondary vesicles
-telencephalon: cerebral hemispheres and cerebru,
-diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
-mesencephalon: mid brain
-melencephalon: medulla oblongata
-central cavity enlarges in specific regions and forms hollow ventricles
what are the basic parts of the brain
brain stem
cerebellum
diencephalon
cerebrun
gray and white matter
gray matter
inner region
white matter
hollow ventricles
cortex
additional gray matter regions extending in the cerebrum and cerebellum
brain nuclei
all the other gray matter in the form of irregularly shapes clusters of neuron cell bodies
ventricles
hollow; expansions of the central cavity and are continuous with one another
-filled with CSF and is the site for CSF production
what are the types of ventricles
(2) lateral ventricles
(1) third ventricle
(1) fourth ventricle
lateral ventricles
surrounded by the cerebral cortex
third ventricle
within the diencephalon and connects to each lateral ventricle
fourth ventricle
within the brain step, dorsal to the pons
cerebral aqueduct
passes through the midbrain and connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles
brain stem function
most primitive and caudal part of the brain
-function:
-passageway for nerve connections fiber tracks between the cerebrum and the spinal cord.
-involved in face and neck innervation
-10-12 spinal nerves connect
-highly programmed behaviors ensure survival
medulla oblongata
pons
midbrain
brain stem
medulla oblongata
regulates the cardiac center, vasomotor center, blood pressure, respiratory center, hiccuping, swallowing, coughing, sneezing
caudal portion of medulla oblongata
has decussation pyramids
-voluntary motor fibers that cross and control voluntary movements on the opposite side of the body
midbrain has the
corpora quadrigemina
-forms 4 bumps on the dorsal surface of the midbrain
-superior (visual reflexes)
-inferior colliculi (sound reflexes)
cerebellum
2nd largest part of the brain
functions: body movements, posture, equilibrium, retention of motor skills, motor memory, cogntion
the cerebellum has
a vermis, folia, and fissures
vermis
2 hemispheres connected medially by a wormlike vermis
folia
surface folded into ridges
fissures
deep grooves
damage to the cerebellum causes
slow jerky movements
and will only affect one side of the body
what are the regions of the diencephalon
thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus
thalamus
sensory nuclei for conscious senses, gateway to cerebrum
hypothalamus
visceral control center, regulates ANS, emotions, hunger, memory
epithalamus
houses pineal gland: melatonin
cerebrum
largest part of brain
split into two hemispheres
cerebrum
transverse cerebral fissure
separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum inferioirly
cerebrum
longitudinal fissure
separates right and left hemispheres
cerebrum
sulci
shallow grooves
cerebrum
gyri
twisted ridges between sulci
cerebrum
divides into 5 lobes per hemisphere
frontal: anterior cranial fossa
parietal
occipital
temporal: middle cranial fossa
insula: covered by frontal, parietal and temporal lobes
cerebral cortex
function: controls the conscious mind, communication , understanding, voluntary
-made of gray matter
what are the regions of the cerebral cortex
sensory areas: conscious awareness of sensation
association: interpret info to allow motor action
motor areas: control voluntary motor functions
cerebral white matter
deep to gray, consists of fibers, many are myelinated and bundled
corpus collosum
links right and left cerebral hemi
