heart Flashcards
right side of the heart
receives oxygen poor blood from body tissues and pumps it into the lungs
left side of the heart
receives oxygenated blood and pumps it throughout the body to supply nutrients to the body tissues
pulmonary circuit
blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs
systemic circuit
vessels that transport blood to and from all body tissues
2 receiving chambers of the heart
right atrium (deox) and left atrium (oxygen): receive blood from the returning chambers
2 pumping chambers of the heart
right ventricle and left ventricle: pump blood around the two circuits
describe the location of the heart within the thorax
-lies posterior to sternum and costal cartilages
-rests on the superior surface of the diaphragm
-in a oblique position, apex lies to the left of midline and anterior to the rest of the heart
orientation of the heart
-heart and roots of great vessels in posterior sac
poster and on medial ends of ribs 3-5 on left side
describe the heart shape
3 sided pyramid with and apex
-base with 4 surfaces
base of the heart
-formed:
-faces:
-extends
posterior aspect of the heart
-formed: mainly left atrium, with a small contribution from right atrium
-faces: posterior, vertebral bodies T6-T9
-extends: from pulmonary trunk bifurcation to coronary sinus
describe the 4 surfaces of the heart
- anterior: sternocostal; right ventricle
- inferior: diaphragmatic: mainly left and partly right ventricle
- left pulmonary: left ventricle, forms cardiac impression of the left lung
- right pulmonary: right atrium
Heart sac coverings
- fibrous pericardium: outer layer, strong dense CT
2.parietal layer: first layer of serous pericardium. adheres to the inner surface of fibrous pericardium - visceral layer: second layer of serous; also called epicardium, outer layer of the heart, organ layer
what are the layers of the heart wall muscle
1.epicardium: superficial, visceral layer of the serous epicardium. part of visceral and heart wall.
2. myocardium: the bulk of the heart, consists of cardiac muscle. muscle bundles arranged in circular and spiral patterns
3. endocardium: deep layer; lines the heart chamber and valves. simple squamous epithelium
great vessels of the heart
- come out from the heart or bring blood into the heart
-superior vena cava: drains all the body regions superior to the diaphragm, except the heart wall
-aorta: largest artery of the body, takes oxygenated blood to body tissues
-pulmonary trunk: carries deox blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation
-inferior vena cava: returns deox blood to the heart from all areas of body inferior to the diaphragm
transverse sinus
space posterior to the aorta and pulmonary trunk and anterior to the SVC. can go behind and clamp vessels to stop circulation
oblique sinus
angle behind the ventricles, a wide recess posterior to heart formed by IVC, SVC, and pulmonary veins
interatrial and interventricular septa
muscle walls the separate into right and left; run longitudinally.
external divisions
coronary sulcus:
divides the atria from the ventricles; horizontal groove
external divisions
coronary sinus
vein that drains the heart wall, separation between atria and ventricles
-residesin coronary sulcus
-posterior
anterior and posterior interventricular sulci
separate the sulci, extend vertically
-anterior: deliniated by the anterior interventricular artery
right atrium
receives oxygen-poor blood from the systemic circuit
what does the right atrium recieve blood from
-IVC
-SVC
-coronary sinus
right atrium
-right auricle
small extension of the atrium that is composed of pectinate muscle, true cardiac muscle in the atria