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Gross Anatomy > Upper Extremity: Shoulder Region > Flashcards

Upper Extremity: Shoulder Region Flashcards

1
Q

Scapulohumeral (intrinsic shoulder) muscles function

A
  • Function directly on glenohumeral joint
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2
Q

Scapulohumeral (intrinsic shoulder) muscles

A
  • Deltoid
  • Teres major
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Subscapularis
  • Coracobrachialis can be part of this group
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3
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Subscapularis
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4
Q

Deltoid

A
  • Forms the round contour of the shoulder
  • Named based on shape (Greek Δ)
  • 3 separate fiber groups that can act separately
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5
Q

Deltoid proximal attachment

A
  • Lateral 1/3 of clavicle

- Acromion and spine of the scapula

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6
Q

Deltoid distal attachment

A
  • Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
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7
Q

Deltoid innervation

A
  • Axillary nerve (C5,6)
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8
Q

Deltoid function (shoulder joint)

A
  • Flexion and medial rotation
  • Extension and lateral rotation
  • Abduction (after 15⁰)
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9
Q

Rotator cuff muscles (SITS muscles)

A
  • Form a musculotendinous cuff around the glenohumeral joint
  • Important stabilizers of the GH joint
  • Reinforce joint capsule
  • Help keep the humeral head approximated to the glenoid fossa
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10
Q

Supraspinatus proximal attachment

A
  • Supraspinous fossa of scapula
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11
Q

Supraspinatus distal attachment

A
  • Greater tubercle of humerus
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12
Q

Supraspinatus innervation

A
  • Suprascapular nerve (C5,6)
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13
Q

Supraspinatus function

A
  • Ontiates/assists with arm abduction

- GH stabilizer

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14
Q

Infraspinatus proximal attachment

A
  • Infraspinous fossa of scapula
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15
Q

Infraspinatus distal attachment

A
  • Greater tubercle of humerus
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16
Q

Infraspinatus innervation

A
  • Suprascapular nerve (C5,6)
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17
Q

Infraspinatus function

A
  • Lateral rotator of arm

- GH stabilizer

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18
Q

Teres minor proximal attachment

A
  • Posterior surface of inferior angle
19
Q

Teres minor distal attachment

A
  • Greater tubercle of humerus
20
Q

Teres minor innervation

A
  • Axillary nerve (C5,6)
21
Q

Teres minor function

A
  • Lateral rotator of arm

- GH stabilizer

22
Q

Subscapularis proximal attachment

A
  • Subscapular fossa
23
Q

Subscapularis distal attachment

A
  • Lesser tubercle of humerus
24
Q

Subscapularis innervation

A
  • Upper and lower subscapular nerve (C5-7)
25
Q

Subscapularis function

A
  • Medial rotation of arm

- GH stabilizer

26
Q

Rotator cuff injuries

A
  • Trauma can rupture/tear one or more of the tendons
  • Supraspinatus is most commonly injured
  • Difficulty initiating abduction
27
Q

Repetitive rotator cuff use can cause

A
  • Recurrent inflammation leading to degenerative tendonitis
  • Overhead sports
  • Impingement on the coracoacromial arch
  • Limited blood supply: susceptible to degeneration
28
Q

Rotator cuff degeneration

A
  • Increases susceptibility to tendon rupture
29
Q

Teres major

A
  • Along with latissimus dorsi, forms posterior axillary fold
30
Q

Teres major proximal attachment

A
  • Posterior aspect of inferior angle of scapula
31
Q

Teres major distal attachment

A
  • Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus
32
Q

Teres major innervation

A
  • Lower subscapular nerve (C5-7)
33
Q

Teres major function

A
  • Adducts and medially rotates arm
34
Q

Quadrangular space boundaries

A
  • Superior: inferior margin teres minor
  • Inferior: superior margin teres major
  • Medial: lateral margin of long head of triceps brachii
  • Lateral: surgical neck of humerus
35
Q

Quadrangular space content

A
  • Axillary nerve

- Posterior humeral circumflex artery and vein

36
Q

Triangular space boundaries

A
  • Superior: inferior margin teres minor
  • Inferior: superior margin teres major
  • Lateral: medial margin of long head of triceps brachii
37
Q

Triangular space content

A
  • Circumflex scapular artery and vein
38
Q

Triangular interval (triceps hiatus) boundaries

A
  • Superior: inferior margin of teres major
  • Medial: lateral margin of long head of triceps brachii
  • Lateral: shaft of humerus
39
Q

Triangular interval (triceps hiatus) content

A
  • Radial nerve

- Deep artery and vein of the arm (profunda brachii artery and vein)

40
Q

Subscapular foramen

A
  • Formed by suprascapular notch and superior transverse scapular ligament
  • The suprascapular nerve passes through the foramen
  • The suprascapular artery and vein pass above the ligament, NOT through the foramen
41
Q

Suprascapular nerve location

A
  • Passes through subscapular foramen
42
Q

Suprascapular artery and vein location

A
  • Pass above the transverse scapular ligament, NOT through the foramen
43
Q

Base of scapular spine level

A
  • T3 vertebral level
44
Q

Inferior angle of scapula level

A
  • T7 vertebral level

Gross Anatomy (50 decks)

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