Upper Extremity: Shoulder Region Flashcards
1
Q
Scapulohumeral (intrinsic shoulder) muscles function
A
- Function directly on glenohumeral joint
2
Q
Scapulohumeral (intrinsic shoulder) muscles
A
- Deltoid
- Teres major
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
- Subscapularis
- Coracobrachialis can be part of this group
3
Q
Rotator cuff muscles
A
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
- Subscapularis
4
Q
Deltoid
A
- Forms the round contour of the shoulder
- Named based on shape (Greek Δ)
- 3 separate fiber groups that can act separately
5
Q
Deltoid proximal attachment
A
- Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
- Acromion and spine of the scapula
6
Q
Deltoid distal attachment
A
- Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
7
Q
Deltoid innervation
A
- Axillary nerve (C5,6)
8
Q
Deltoid function (shoulder joint)
A
- Flexion and medial rotation
- Extension and lateral rotation
- Abduction (after 15⁰)
9
Q
Rotator cuff muscles (SITS muscles)
A
- Form a musculotendinous cuff around the glenohumeral joint
- Important stabilizers of the GH joint
- Reinforce joint capsule
- Help keep the humeral head approximated to the glenoid fossa
10
Q
Supraspinatus proximal attachment
A
- Supraspinous fossa of scapula
11
Q
Supraspinatus distal attachment
A
- Greater tubercle of humerus
12
Q
Supraspinatus innervation
A
- Suprascapular nerve (C5,6)
13
Q
Supraspinatus function
A
- Ontiates/assists with arm abduction
- GH stabilizer
14
Q
Infraspinatus proximal attachment
A
- Infraspinous fossa of scapula
15
Q
Infraspinatus distal attachment
A
- Greater tubercle of humerus
16
Q
Infraspinatus innervation
A
- Suprascapular nerve (C5,6)
17
Q
Infraspinatus function
A
- Lateral rotator of arm
- GH stabilizer
18
Q
Teres minor proximal attachment
A
- Posterior surface of inferior angle
19
Q
Teres minor distal attachment
A
- Greater tubercle of humerus
20
Q
Teres minor innervation
A
- Axillary nerve (C5,6)
21
Q
Teres minor function
A
- Lateral rotator of arm
- GH stabilizer
22
Q
Subscapularis proximal attachment
A
- Subscapular fossa
23
Q
Subscapularis distal attachment
A
- Lesser tubercle of humerus
24
Q
Subscapularis innervation
A
- Upper and lower subscapular nerve (C5-7)
25
Subscapularis function
- Medial rotation of arm
| - GH stabilizer
26
Rotator cuff injuries
- Trauma can rupture/tear one or more of the tendons
- Supraspinatus is most commonly injured
- Difficulty initiating abduction
27
Repetitive rotator cuff use can cause
- Recurrent inflammation leading to degenerative tendonitis
- Overhead sports
- Impingement on the coracoacromial arch
- Limited blood supply: susceptible to degeneration
28
Rotator cuff degeneration
- Increases susceptibility to tendon rupture
29
Teres major
- Along with latissimus dorsi, forms posterior axillary fold
30
Teres major proximal attachment
- Posterior aspect of inferior angle of scapula
31
Teres major distal attachment
- Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus
32
Teres major innervation
- Lower subscapular nerve (C5-7)
33
Teres major function
- Adducts and medially rotates arm
34
Quadrangular space boundaries
- Superior: inferior margin teres minor
- Inferior: superior margin teres major
- Medial: lateral margin of long head of triceps brachii
- Lateral: surgical neck of humerus
35
Quadrangular space content
- Axillary nerve
| - Posterior humeral circumflex artery and vein
36
Triangular space boundaries
- Superior: inferior margin teres minor
- Inferior: superior margin teres major
- Lateral: medial margin of long head of triceps brachii
37
Triangular space content
- Circumflex scapular artery and vein
38
Triangular interval (triceps hiatus) boundaries
- Superior: inferior margin of teres major
- Medial: lateral margin of long head of triceps brachii
- Lateral: shaft of humerus
39
Triangular interval (triceps hiatus) content
- Radial nerve
| - Deep artery and vein of the arm (profunda brachii artery and vein)
40
Subscapular foramen
- Formed by suprascapular notch and superior transverse scapular ligament
- The suprascapular nerve passes through the foramen
- The suprascapular artery and vein pass above the ligament, NOT through the foramen
41
Suprascapular nerve location
- Passes through subscapular foramen
42
Suprascapular artery and vein location
- Pass above the transverse scapular ligament, NOT through the foramen
43
Base of scapular spine level
- T3 vertebral level
44
Inferior angle of scapula level
- T7 vertebral level
