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Gross Anatomy > Head: Cranial Nerves I-V > Flashcards

Head: Cranial Nerves I-V Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial nerves

A
  • 12 in number (Roman numerals)
  • Originate from brainstem
  • Supply function primarily to the head/neck
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2
Q

Cranial nerve nucleis originate

A
  • From brainstem
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3
Q

All cranial nerves originate from brainstem EXCEPT

A
  • CN I, II, XI
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4
Q

CN supplying function primarily to the head/neck

A
  • CN X, vagus

- Leaves the head/neck region

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5
Q

Cranial nerves exit the cranial cavity through

A
  • Skull foramina
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6
Q

CN sensory ganglia function

A
  • Visceral/reflexive
  • Somatic sensation
  • Special sensory
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7
Q

CN motor function

A
  • Somatic
  • Visceral (parasympathetic)
  • Pre and postsynaptic
  • Parasympathetic ganglia
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8
Q

Sensory only CNs

A
  • I, II, and VIII
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9
Q

CN involved with motor

A
  • III, IV, V, VI, VII, IX, X, XI, XII
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10
Q

CN involved with sensory

A
  • I, II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X
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11
Q

CN involved with both sensory and motor

A
  • V, VII, IX, X
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12
Q

CN with parasympathetic function

A
  • III, VII, IX, X
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13
Q

Cranial nerve I

A
  • Olfactory nerve
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14
Q

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

A
  • Collection of nerves
  • Pass through olfactory foramina in the cribriform plate
  • Enter cerebellum directly
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15
Q

Olfactory nerve (CN I) function

A
  • Special sensory

- Smell (taste)

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16
Q

Clinical importance of olfactory nerve (CN I)

A
  • Fracture of cribriform plate
  • Trauma
  • Anosmia: loss of smell
  • CSF leakage (CSF rhinorrhea)
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17
Q

Cranial nerve II

A
  • Optic nerve
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18
Q

Optic nerve (CN II)

A
  • Extensions of the forebrain
  • Surrounded by meninges and CSF
  • Passes through optic canal
  • Forms optic chiasm
  • Central retinal artery travels within (branch of ophthalmic)
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19
Q

Optic nerve (CN II) function

A
  • Vision
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20
Q

Clinical importance of optic nerve (CN II)

A
  • Can be affected by demyelinating disorders

- Injury can cause visual field defects (neuroanatomy topic)

21
Q

Cranial nerve III

A
  • Occulomotor nerve
22
Q

Occulomotor nerve (CN III)

A
  • Arises from midbrain
  • Passes through cavernous sinus
  • Enters orbit through superior orbital fissure
  • Contains parasympathetic to intrinsic eye muscles
23
Q

Occulomotor nerve (CN III) innervates

A
  • 4/6 extraocular muscles

- Levator palpebrae

24
Q

Occulomotor nerve (CN III) divides into

A
  • Superior division

- Inferior division

25
Q

Superior division of occulomotor nerve (CN III)

A
  • Superior rectus muscle

- Levator palpebrae superioris muscle

26
Q

Inferior division of occulomotor nerve (CN III)

A
  • Inferior and medial recti muscles
  • Inferior oblique
  • Presynaptic parasympathetics –> ciliary ganglion
27
Q

Injury to occulomotor nerve (CN III)

A
  • Loss of certain eye movements
  • Down and out pupil
  • Ptosis
  • Dilated pupil
  • Loss of pupillary light response (parasympathetics)
28
Q

Loss of pupillary light response (parasympathetics) from occulomotor nerve (CN III) injury results in

A
  • Constriction of pupil in response to light
29
Q

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

A
  • Exits midbrain dorsally
  • Longest intracranial course
  • Passes through cavernous sinus lateral wall
  • Exits cranium through superior orbital fissure
30
Q

Trochlear nerve (CN IV) function

A
  • Innervates superior oblique muscle

- Depresses, abducts, intorts eye

31
Q

Cranial nerve IV

A
  • Trochlear nerve
32
Q

Clinical importance of Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

A
  • Damaged in head injuries
  • Loss of depression when affected eye is adducted
  • Head tilt
33
Q

Cranial nerve V

A
  • Trigeminal nerve
34
Q

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

A
  • Multiple brainstem nuclei
  • Exits pons
  • Sensory root
  • Motor roots
35
Q

Sensory root of Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

A
  • Trigeminal ganglion
36
Q

3 divisions of Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

A
  • Ophthalmic (V1)
  • Maxillary (V2)
  • Mandibular (V3)
37
Q

Ophthalmic division of Trigeminal nerve (CN V) passes through

A
  • Superior orbital fissure
38
Q

Maxillary division of Trigeminal nerve (CN V) passes through

A
  • Foramen rotundum
39
Q

Mandibular division of Trigeminal nerve (CN V) passes through

A
  • Foramen ovale
40
Q

Ophthalmic nerve (V1) is

A
  • Purely sensory
41
Q

Ophthalmic nerve (V1) innervates

A
  • Portion of the dura mater
  • Forehead, anterior scalp
  • Dorsum of nose
  • Anterior/superior nasal cavity
  • Sinuses except for maxillary
  • Cornea
42
Q

Ophthalmic nerve (V1) innervation to cornea

A
  • Afferent limb of corneal reflex

- Efferent is facial nerve

43
Q

Maxillary nerve (V2) is

A
  • Purely sensory
44
Q

Maxillary nerve (V2) innervates

A
  • Dura mater
  • Posterior/inferior nasal cavity
  • Maxillary sinus
  • Palate
  • Superior oral vestibule
  • Maxillary teeth
  • External lateral nose, lower eye lid
  • Skin over upper jaw/lip
45
Q

Mandibular nerve (V3) is

A
  • Both sensory and motor
46
Q

Sensory innervation of Mandibular nerve (V3)

A
  • Sensation anterior 2/3 tongue
  • Floor of oral cavity/vestibule
  • Mandibular teeth
  • Skin of lower lip, chin, cheek, temporal region, anterior ear
  • External acoustic meatus and tympanic membrane
47
Q

Motor innervation of Mandibular nerve (V3)

A
  • Muscles of mastication
  • Tensor veli palatine
  • Tensor tympani
  • Mylohyoid
  • Anterior belly of digastric
48
Q

Lesion to Trigeminal nerve (symptoms depend on location of injury) may cause

A
  • Loss of ipsilateral corneal reflex and jaw jerk reflex
  • Loss of ipsilateral face sensation
  • Muscle of mastication weakness
  • Jaw deviates to involved side when opened

Gross Anatomy (50 decks)

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