Head: Larynx Flashcards
1
Q
Larynx (voice box) function
A
- Voice production
- Separate food and air
- Guard air passage, maintain patent airway
2
Q
Cartilages of the larynx
A
- 9 total
- 3 unpaired
- 3 paired
3
Q
3 unpaired cartilages of the larynx
A
- Thyroid
- Cricoid
- Epiglottic
4
Q
3 paired cartilages of the larynx
A
- Arytenoid
- Corniculate
- Cuneiform
5
Q
Thyroid cartilage located at vertebral level
A
- C4,5
6
Q
Thyroid cartilage lamina form
A
- Laryngeal prominence anteriorly (“Adam’s apple”)
- Superior horns
7
Q
Inferior horns of thyroid cartilage form
A
- Cricothyroid joint: rotation and gliding movements
8
Q
Cricoid Cartilage
A
- Vertebral level C6
- Lamina & arch
9
Q
Epiglottic cartilage
A
- Elastic cartilage
- Located at laryngeal inlet
- Thyro-epiglottic and hyo-epiglottic ligaments
10
Q
Arytenoid cartilages
A
- Pyramid shaped
- Vocal process
- Muscular process
- Cricoarytenoid joint
11
Q
Cricoarytenoid joint
allows movement of
A
- Arytenoid cartilages
12
Q
Arytenoid cartilages apex attaches to
A
- Corniculate cartilage
13
Q
Laryngeal membranes/ligaments
A
- Thyrohyoid membrane
- Cricothyroid membrane (median and lateral)
- Quadrangular membrane
14
Q
Thyrohyoid membrane
A
- Connects thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone
- Pierced by superior laryngeal vessels and internal laryngeal nerve
15
Q
Median cricothyroid membrane
A
- Connects cricoid and thyroid cartilages anteriorly
16
Q
Lateral cricothyroid membrane (conus elasticus)
A
- Connects cricoid cartilage with thyroid and arytenoid cartilages
- Free superior border forms the vocal ligament
17
Q
Vocal ligament
A
- Sound production
- Vocal ligament covered in mucosa: vocal fold
18
Q
Quadrangular membrane
A
- Extends between lateral parts of epiglottic and arytenoid cartilages
- Inferior free margin is the vestibular ligament
- The mucosa covered superior margin forms aryepiglottic fold
19
Q
Vestibular ligament
A
- Vestibular ligament covered in mucosa: vestibular fold
- Little involvement in sound production
20
Q
Aryepiglottic fold
A
- Contributes to lateral boundary of laryngeal inlet
- Corniculate and cuneiform cartilages are embedded within
21
Q
Laryngeal cavity extends
A
- From laryngeal inlet (aditus) to cricoid cartilage
22
Q
Laryngeal cavity contains
A
- Laryngeal vestibule
- Infraglottic space
- Laryngeal ventricle
- Laryngeal saccule
23
Q
Laryngeal vestibule is located
A
- Above the vestibular fold
24
Q
Infraglottic space is located
A
- Below vocal folds
25
Laryngeal ventricle
- Recess between vestibular and vocal folds
26
Laryngeal saccule
- Blind pocket that opens into the ventricle
| - Lined with mucous glands
27
Glottis (vocal apparatus) contains
- Vocal ligament
- Vocal process
- Rima glottidis
28
Rima glottidis
- Shape varies and depends on vocal fold position
29
Extrinsic laryngeal muscles
- Muscles that move the hyoid and larynx
- Infrahyoid Muscles
- Suprahyoid Muscles
30
Intrinsic laryngeal muscles function
- Alter length and tension of vocal cords
| - Alter size of rima glottidis
31
Intrinsic laryngeal muscles named by
- Attachment
32
Intrinsic laryngeal muscle innervation
- All innervated by vagus nerve
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve
- External laryngeal nerve
33
Cricothyroid muscle innervation
- Only intrinsic laryngeal muscle innervated by external laryngeal nerve
34
Intrinsic laryngeal muscles
- Thyro-arytenoid and vocalis
- Posterior crico-arytenoid
- Lateral crico-arytenoid
- Transverse and oblique arytenoids
- Thyro-epiglottic
- Aryepiglottic
35
Thyro-epiglottic muscle function
- Affects size of laryngeal inlet
36
Aryepiglottic muscle function
- Affects size of laryngeal inlet
37
Cricothyroid muscle function
- Tenses (stretches) vocal ligament
38
Transverse arytenoid muscle function
- Adducts arytenoid cartilages
39
Oblique arytenoid muscle function
- Adducts arytenoid cartilage
40
Posterior crico-arytenoid muscle function
- Abducts vocal folds
41
Thyro-arytenoid muscle function
- Relaxes vocal ligament
42
Lateral crico-arytenoid muscle function
- Adducts vocal folds
43
Arteries of the larynx
- Superior laryngeal artery
| - Inferior laryngeal artery
44
Superior laryngeal artery
- Branch of superior thyroid artery
45
Inferior laryngeal artery
- Branch of inferior thyroid artery
46
Veins of the larynx
- Similar to the arteries in name and pattern
| - Drain into superior and inferior thyroid vein
47
Superior laryngeal nerve branches
- External laryngeal nerve
- Internal laryngeal nerve
- Recurrent (inferior) laryngeal nerve
48
External laryngeal nerve
- Travels with superior thyroid artery
| - Innervation: motor cricothyroid muscle
49
Internal laryngeal nerve
- Travels with superior laryngeal artery
| - Innervation: sensory to laryngeal mucosa above vocal folds
50
Injury to superior laryngeal nerve
- Anesthesia of mucosa above vocal folds
| - Impaired ability to change tension of vocal fold
51
Recurrent (inferior) laryngeal nerve
- Travels near inferior thyroid and inferior laryngeal artery
- Innervates all laryngeal muscles (except 1)
- Sensory to laryngeal mucosa below vocal folds (infraglottic cavity)
52
Injury to recurrent laryngeal (inferior laryngeal nerve)
- Neck/thyroid surgery
- Sensory loss below vocal folds
- Altered voice
53
Hyoid bone vertebral level
- C3
54
Thyroid cartilage vertebral level
- C4,5
55
Cricoid cartilage level
- C6
- Junction of larynx and trachea
- Junction pharynx and esophagus
