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Gross Anatomy > Head: Larynx > Flashcards

Head: Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

Larynx (voice box) function

A
  • Voice production
  • Separate food and air
  • Guard air passage, maintain patent airway
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2
Q

Cartilages of the larynx

A
  • 9 total
  • 3 unpaired
  • 3 paired
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3
Q

3 unpaired cartilages of the larynx

A
  • Thyroid
  • Cricoid
  • Epiglottic
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4
Q

3 paired cartilages of the larynx

A
  • Arytenoid
  • Corniculate
  • Cuneiform
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5
Q

Thyroid cartilage located at vertebral level

A
  • C4,5
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6
Q

Thyroid cartilage lamina form

A
  • Laryngeal prominence anteriorly (“Adam’s apple”)

- Superior horns

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7
Q

Inferior horns of thyroid cartilage form

A
  • Cricothyroid joint: rotation and gliding movements
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8
Q

Cricoid Cartilage

A
  • Vertebral level C6

- Lamina & arch

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9
Q

Epiglottic cartilage

A
  • Elastic cartilage
  • Located at laryngeal inlet
  • Thyro-epiglottic and hyo-epiglottic ligaments
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10
Q

Arytenoid cartilages

A
  • Pyramid shaped
  • Vocal process
  • Muscular process
  • Cricoarytenoid joint
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11
Q

Cricoarytenoid joint

allows movement of

A
  • Arytenoid cartilages
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12
Q

Arytenoid cartilages apex attaches to

A
  • Corniculate cartilage
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13
Q

Laryngeal membranes/ligaments

A
  • Thyrohyoid membrane
  • Cricothyroid membrane (median and lateral)
  • Quadrangular membrane
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14
Q

Thyrohyoid membrane

A
  • Connects thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone

- Pierced by superior laryngeal vessels and internal laryngeal nerve

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15
Q

Median cricothyroid membrane

A
  • Connects cricoid and thyroid cartilages anteriorly
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16
Q

Lateral cricothyroid membrane (conus elasticus)

A
  • Connects cricoid cartilage with thyroid and arytenoid cartilages
  • Free superior border forms the vocal ligament
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17
Q

Vocal ligament

A
  • Sound production

- Vocal ligament covered in mucosa: vocal fold

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18
Q

Quadrangular membrane

A
  • Extends between lateral parts of epiglottic and arytenoid cartilages
  • Inferior free margin is the vestibular ligament
  • The mucosa covered superior margin forms aryepiglottic fold
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19
Q

Vestibular ligament

A
  • Vestibular ligament covered in mucosa: vestibular fold

- Little involvement in sound production

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20
Q

Aryepiglottic fold

A
  • Contributes to lateral boundary of laryngeal inlet

- Corniculate and cuneiform cartilages are embedded within

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21
Q

Laryngeal cavity extends

A
  • From laryngeal inlet (aditus) to cricoid cartilage
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22
Q

Laryngeal cavity contains

A
  • Laryngeal vestibule
  • Infraglottic space
  • Laryngeal ventricle
  • Laryngeal saccule
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23
Q

Laryngeal vestibule is located

A
  • Above the vestibular fold
24
Q

Infraglottic space is located

A
  • Below vocal folds
25
Q

Laryngeal ventricle

A
  • Recess between vestibular and vocal folds
26
Q

Laryngeal saccule

A
  • Blind pocket that opens into the ventricle

- Lined with mucous glands

27
Q

Glottis (vocal apparatus) contains

A
  • Vocal ligament
  • Vocal process
  • Rima glottidis
28
Q

Rima glottidis

A
  • Shape varies and depends on vocal fold position
29
Q

Extrinsic laryngeal muscles

A
  • Muscles that move the hyoid and larynx
  • Infrahyoid Muscles
  • Suprahyoid Muscles
30
Q

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles function

A
  • Alter length and tension of vocal cords

- Alter size of rima glottidis

31
Q

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles named by

A
  • Attachment
32
Q

Intrinsic laryngeal muscle innervation

A
  • All innervated by vagus nerve
  • Recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • External laryngeal nerve
33
Q

Cricothyroid muscle innervation

A
  • Only intrinsic laryngeal muscle innervated by external laryngeal nerve
34
Q

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles

A
  • Thyro-arytenoid and vocalis
  • Posterior crico-arytenoid
  • Lateral crico-arytenoid
  • Transverse and oblique arytenoids
  • Thyro-epiglottic
  • Aryepiglottic
35
Q

Thyro-epiglottic muscle function

A
  • Affects size of laryngeal inlet
36
Q

Aryepiglottic muscle function

A
  • Affects size of laryngeal inlet
37
Q

Cricothyroid muscle function

A
  • Tenses (stretches) vocal ligament
38
Q

Transverse arytenoid muscle function

A
  • Adducts arytenoid cartilages
39
Q

Oblique arytenoid muscle function

A
  • Adducts arytenoid cartilage
40
Q

Posterior crico-arytenoid muscle function

A
  • Abducts vocal folds
41
Q

Thyro-arytenoid muscle function

A
  • Relaxes vocal ligament
42
Q

Lateral crico-arytenoid muscle function

A
  • Adducts vocal folds
43
Q

Arteries of the larynx

A
  • Superior laryngeal artery

- Inferior laryngeal artery

44
Q

Superior laryngeal artery

A
  • Branch of superior thyroid artery
45
Q

Inferior laryngeal artery

A
  • Branch of inferior thyroid artery
46
Q

Veins of the larynx

A
  • Similar to the arteries in name and pattern

- Drain into superior and inferior thyroid vein

47
Q

Superior laryngeal nerve branches

A
  • External laryngeal nerve
  • Internal laryngeal nerve
  • Recurrent (inferior) laryngeal nerve
48
Q

External laryngeal nerve

A
  • Travels with superior thyroid artery

- Innervation: motor cricothyroid muscle

49
Q

Internal laryngeal nerve

A
  • Travels with superior laryngeal artery

- Innervation: sensory to laryngeal mucosa above vocal folds

50
Q

Injury to superior laryngeal nerve

A
  • Anesthesia of mucosa above vocal folds

- Impaired ability to change tension of vocal fold

51
Q

Recurrent (inferior) laryngeal nerve

A
  • Travels near inferior thyroid and inferior laryngeal artery
  • Innervates all laryngeal muscles (except 1)
  • Sensory to laryngeal mucosa below vocal folds (infraglottic cavity)
52
Q

Injury to recurrent laryngeal (inferior laryngeal nerve)

A
  • Neck/thyroid surgery
  • Sensory loss below vocal folds
  • Altered voice
53
Q

Hyoid bone vertebral level

A
  • C3
54
Q

Thyroid cartilage vertebral level

A
  • C4,5
55
Q

Cricoid cartilage level

A
  • C6
  • Junction of larynx and trachea
  • Junction pharynx and esophagus

Gross Anatomy (50 decks)

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