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Gross Anatomy > Neck: Root of the Neck > Flashcards

Neck: Root of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Root of the Neck

A
  • Area immediately above superior thoracic aperture

- Contains structures passing between thorax and upper extremity or the head/neck

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2
Q

Arteries in the Root of the Neck

A
  • Subclavian and branches

- Common carotid

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3
Q

Veins in the Root of the Neck

A
  • EJV
  • AJV
  • IJV
  • Subclavian
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4
Q

Nerves in the Root of the Neck

A
  • Vagus
  • Recurrent laryngeal
  • Phrenic
  • Sympathetic trunk and ganglia
  • Brachial Plexus
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5
Q

Deep Neck Muscles

A
  • Longus colli

- Longus capitis

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6
Q

Scalene Muscle

A
  • Flex and laterally bend neck

- Elevate the ribs (accessory muscle of inspiration)

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7
Q

Scalene Muscle Innervation

A
  • Ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves
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8
Q

Scalene Anterior Attachments

A
  • C3-6 TPs

- 1st rib, anterior to subclavian artery groove

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9
Q

Scalene Middle Attachments

A
  • C2-7 TPs

- 1st rib, posterior to subclavian artery groove

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10
Q

Scalene Posterior Attachments

A
  • C4-6 TPs

- 2nd rib

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11
Q

Interscalene Triangle

A
  • Formed by anterior and middle scalene
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12
Q

Subclavian Artery

A
  • Ends at lateral border of 1st rib
  • Supplies upper limb, neck, brain, vertebral column
  • 3 parts
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13
Q

1st Part of Subclavian Artery (Medial to Anterior Scalene)

A
  • Vertebral artery
  • Internal thoracic
  • Thyrocervical trunk
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14
Q

Vertebral Artery

A
  • Travels through transverse foramina C6-C1
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15
Q

Inferior Thyroid Artery

A
  • Supplies thyroid
  • Parathyroid glands
  • Trachea
  • Esophagus
  • Ascending cervical artery
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16
Q

Cervico Dorsal (Transverse Cervical) Artery

A
  • Branches into superficial branch and dorsal scapular (sometimes)
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17
Q

Suprascapular Artery

A
  • Travels to posterior scapula
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18
Q

2nd Part of Subclavian Artery

A
  • Posterior to anterior scalene
  • Costocervical trunk
  • Superior intercostal artery
  • Deep cervical artery
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19
Q

Superior Intercostal Artery

A
  • 1st and 2nd posterior intercostal arteries
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20
Q

Deep Cervical Artery

A
  • Supplies muscles
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21
Q

3rd Part of Subclavian Artery

A
  • Lateral to anterior scalene (up to lateral border of 1st rib)
  • Dorsal scapular artery
  • Can also branch from transverse cervical
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22
Q

Subclavian Artery (3rd Part) Location

A
  • 1 finger width above clavicle

- Lies on the 1st rib

23
Q

Subclavian Vein Drainage/Location

A
  • Drains upper limb

- Lies on 1st rib

24
Q

Thoracic Outlet

A
  • 3 distinct spaces between neck and axilla
  • Interscalene triangle
  • Costoclavicular space
  • Retropectoralis minor space (subcoracoid space)
25
Q

Interscalene Triangle Location

A
  • Between anterior and middle scalenes

- Rib 1 is inferior

26
Q

Interscalene Triangle Content

A
  • Brachial plexus roots/trunks

- Subclavian artery

27
Q

Costoclavicular Space Location

A
  • Between clavicle, first rib, and upper scapula
28
Q

Costoclaviuclar Space Content

A
  • Brachial plexus divisons

- Subclavian artery and vein

29
Q

Retropectoralis Minor (Subcoracoid) Space Location

A
  • Inferior to coracoid

- Posterior to pectoralis minor

30
Q

Retropectoralis Minor (Subcoracoid) Space Content

A
  • Brachial plexus cords

- Axillary artery and vein

31
Q

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

A
  • Neurovascular disorder

- Results from compression of brachial plexus and/or subclavian vessels

32
Q

Causes of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

A
  • Scalene muscle abnormalities
  • Scalenus minimus
  • Pancoast tumors
  • Cervical rib
  • Chronic overuse
33
Q

Scaleneus Anticus Syndrome

A
  • Scalene muscle abnormalities
34
Q

Scalenus Minimus

A
  • Accessory muscle from C7 TP to 1st rib or suprapleural membrane
35
Q

Pancoast tumors

A
  • Tumors of lung apex
36
Q

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

A
  • Exits skull through jugular foramen

- Content of carotid sheath

37
Q

Branches of Vagus Nerve (CN X)

A
  • Superior laryngeal nerves
  • Internal laryngeal nerve
  • External laryngeal nerve
  • Recurrent laryngeal nerves
38
Q

Right Vagus Nerve

A
  • Passes anterior to 1st part of subclavian artery
  • Passes posterior to brachiocephalic vein and SC joint
  • Gives off right recurrent laryngeal
39
Q

Left Vagus Nerve

A
  • Passes between left CCA and left subclavian
  • Passes posterior to left brachiocephalic vein and SC joint
  • Gives off left recurrent laryngeal
40
Q

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves

A
  • Ascend in trachea-esophageal groove
  • Posterior to thyroid gland, travel next to inferior thyroid artery
  • Supplies trachea and all laryngeal muscles (except 1)
41
Q

Cervical Portion of Sympathetic Trunk

A
  • No white rami communicantes
42
Q

Sympathetic Presynaptic (Preganglionic) Nerve Fibers

A
  • Originate upper thoracic spine

- Synapse cervical sympathetic ganglia

43
Q

3 Cervical Ganglia

A
  • Superior
  • Middle
  • Inferior
44
Q

Superior Cervical Ganglia

A
  • Large

- Located at the C1,2,3 level

45
Q

Middle Cervical Ganglia

A
  • Small
  • Anterior to inferior thyroid artery
  • Located at the C5,6 level (level of cricoid cartilage)
46
Q

Inferior Cervical Ganglia

A
  • Typically fuses with the T1 ganglia forming the stellate ganglion (cervicothoracic ganglion)
  • Anterior to C7 TP
  • Superior to 1st rib neck
  • Posterior to vertebral artery
47
Q

Stellate Ganglion

A
  • Cervicothoracic ganglion
48
Q

Postsynaptic Fibers from Superior Cervical Ganglia

A
  • Internal and external carotid arterial plexuses
  • Some of the cranial nerves
  • Gray rami to C1-4 spinal nerves
  • Superior cardiac nerve
49
Q

Postsynaptic Fibers from Middle Cervical Ganglia

A
  • Gray rami to C5 and 6 spinal nerves
  • Middle cardiac nerve
  • Thyroid gland (via peri-arterial plexus following inf. thyroid a.)
50
Q

Postsynaptic Fibers from Inferior Cervical Ganglia

A
  • Gray rami to C7, 8, and T1 spinal nerves
  • Arterial plexuses (vertebral, subclavian, internal thoracic)
  • Inferior cardiac nerve to cardiac plexus
51
Q

Arterial Plexuses

A
  • Vertebral
  • Subclavian
  • Internal thoracic
52
Q

Lesion of Sympathetic Trunk in the Neck

A
  • Pancoast tumor (lung apex)
  • Carotid artery aneurysm
  • Neck trauma or postsurgical
53
Q

Can Cause a Horner Syndrom

A
  • Miosis
  • Ptosis
  • Enopthalmos
  • Anhydrosis
54
Q

Thyrocervical Trunk

A
  • Inferior thyroid artery (becomes ascending cervical)
  • Cervico dorsal (transverse cervical) artery
  • Suprascapular artery

Gross Anatomy (50 decks)

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