Neck: Root of the Neck Flashcards
1
Q
Root of the Neck
A
- Area immediately above superior thoracic aperture
- Contains structures passing between thorax and upper extremity or the head/neck
2
Q
Arteries in the Root of the Neck
A
- Subclavian and branches
- Common carotid
3
Q
Veins in the Root of the Neck
A
- EJV
- AJV
- IJV
- Subclavian
4
Q
Nerves in the Root of the Neck
A
- Vagus
- Recurrent laryngeal
- Phrenic
- Sympathetic trunk and ganglia
- Brachial Plexus
5
Q
Deep Neck Muscles
A
- Longus colli
- Longus capitis
6
Q
Scalene Muscle
A
- Flex and laterally bend neck
- Elevate the ribs (accessory muscle of inspiration)
7
Q
Scalene Muscle Innervation
A
- Ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves
8
Q
Scalene Anterior Attachments
A
- C3-6 TPs
- 1st rib, anterior to subclavian artery groove
9
Q
Scalene Middle Attachments
A
- C2-7 TPs
- 1st rib, posterior to subclavian artery groove
10
Q
Scalene Posterior Attachments
A
- C4-6 TPs
- 2nd rib
11
Q
Interscalene Triangle
A
- Formed by anterior and middle scalene
12
Q
Subclavian Artery
A
- Ends at lateral border of 1st rib
- Supplies upper limb, neck, brain, vertebral column
- 3 parts
13
Q
1st Part of Subclavian Artery (Medial to Anterior Scalene)
A
- Vertebral artery
- Internal thoracic
- Thyrocervical trunk
14
Q
Vertebral Artery
A
- Travels through transverse foramina C6-C1
15
Q
Inferior Thyroid Artery
A
- Supplies thyroid
- Parathyroid glands
- Trachea
- Esophagus
- Ascending cervical artery
16
Q
Cervico Dorsal (Transverse Cervical) Artery
A
- Branches into superficial branch and dorsal scapular (sometimes)
17
Q
Suprascapular Artery
A
- Travels to posterior scapula
18
Q
2nd Part of Subclavian Artery
A
- Posterior to anterior scalene
- Costocervical trunk
- Superior intercostal artery
- Deep cervical artery
19
Q
Superior Intercostal Artery
A
- 1st and 2nd posterior intercostal arteries
20
Q
Deep Cervical Artery
A
- Supplies muscles
21
Q
3rd Part of Subclavian Artery
A
- Lateral to anterior scalene (up to lateral border of 1st rib)
- Dorsal scapular artery
- Can also branch from transverse cervical
22
Q
Subclavian Artery (3rd Part) Location
A
- 1 finger width above clavicle
- Lies on the 1st rib
23
Q
Subclavian Vein Drainage/Location
A
- Drains upper limb
- Lies on 1st rib
24
Q
Thoracic Outlet
A
- 3 distinct spaces between neck and axilla
- Interscalene triangle
- Costoclavicular space
- Retropectoralis minor space (subcoracoid space)
25
Interscalene Triangle Location
- Between anterior and middle scalenes
| - Rib 1 is inferior
26
Interscalene Triangle Content
- Brachial plexus roots/trunks
| - Subclavian artery
27
Costoclavicular Space Location
- Between clavicle, first rib, and upper scapula
28
Costoclaviuclar Space Content
- Brachial plexus divisons
| - Subclavian artery and vein
29
Retropectoralis Minor (Subcoracoid) Space Location
- Inferior to coracoid
| - Posterior to pectoralis minor
30
Retropectoralis Minor (Subcoracoid) Space Content
- Brachial plexus cords
| - Axillary artery and vein
31
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
- Neurovascular disorder
| - Results from compression of brachial plexus and/or subclavian vessels
32
Causes of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
- Scalene muscle abnormalities
- Scalenus minimus
- Pancoast tumors
- Cervical rib
- Chronic overuse
33
Scaleneus Anticus Syndrome
- Scalene muscle abnormalities
34
Scalenus Minimus
- Accessory muscle from C7 TP to 1st rib or suprapleural membrane
35
Pancoast tumors
- Tumors of lung apex
36
Vagus Nerve (CN X)
- Exits skull through jugular foramen
| - Content of carotid sheath
37
Branches of Vagus Nerve (CN X)
- Superior laryngeal nerves
- Internal laryngeal nerve
- External laryngeal nerve
- Recurrent laryngeal nerves
38
Right Vagus Nerve
- Passes anterior to 1st part of subclavian artery
- Passes posterior to brachiocephalic vein and SC joint
- Gives off right recurrent laryngeal
39
Left Vagus Nerve
- Passes between left CCA and left subclavian
- Passes posterior to left brachiocephalic vein and SC joint
- Gives off left recurrent laryngeal
40
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves
- Ascend in trachea-esophageal groove
- Posterior to thyroid gland, travel next to inferior thyroid artery
- Supplies trachea and all laryngeal muscles (except 1)
41
Cervical Portion of Sympathetic Trunk
- No white rami communicantes
42
Sympathetic Presynaptic (Preganglionic) Nerve Fibers
- Originate upper thoracic spine
| - Synapse cervical sympathetic ganglia
43
3 Cervical Ganglia
- Superior
- Middle
- Inferior
44
Superior Cervical Ganglia
- Large
| - Located at the C1,2,3 level
45
Middle Cervical Ganglia
- Small
- Anterior to inferior thyroid artery
- Located at the C5,6 level (level of cricoid cartilage)
46
Inferior Cervical Ganglia
- Typically fuses with the T1 ganglia forming the stellate ganglion (cervicothoracic ganglion)
- Anterior to C7 TP
- Superior to 1st rib neck
- Posterior to vertebral artery
47
Stellate Ganglion
- Cervicothoracic ganglion
48
Postsynaptic Fibers from Superior Cervical Ganglia
- Internal and external carotid arterial plexuses
- Some of the cranial nerves
- Gray rami to C1-4 spinal nerves
- Superior cardiac nerve
49
Postsynaptic Fibers from Middle Cervical Ganglia
- Gray rami to C5 and 6 spinal nerves
- Middle cardiac nerve
- Thyroid gland (via peri-arterial plexus following inf. thyroid a.)
50
Postsynaptic Fibers from Inferior Cervical Ganglia
- Gray rami to C7, 8, and T1 spinal nerves
- Arterial plexuses (vertebral, subclavian, internal thoracic)
- Inferior cardiac nerve to cardiac plexus
51
Arterial Plexuses
- Vertebral
- Subclavian
- Internal thoracic
52
Lesion of Sympathetic Trunk in the Neck
- Pancoast tumor (lung apex)
- Carotid artery aneurysm
- Neck trauma or postsurgical
53
Can Cause a Horner Syndrom
- Miosis
- Ptosis
- Enopthalmos
- Anhydrosis
54
Thyrocervical Trunk
- Inferior thyroid artery (becomes ascending cervical)
- Cervico dorsal (transverse cervical) artery
- Suprascapular artery
