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Gross Anatomy > Bones and Joints of the Upper Extremity: Shoulder and Arm > Flashcards

Bones and Joints of the Upper Extremity: Shoulder and Arm Flashcards

1
Q

Bones of the Upper Limb

A
  • Shoulder girdle (pectoral girdle)
  • Arm
  • Forearm
  • Hand
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2
Q

Shoulder (Pectoral) Girdle

A
  • Scapulae and clavicles
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3
Q

Arm

A
  • Humerus
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4
Q

Forearm

A
  • Radius

- Ulna

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5
Q

Hand

A
  • Carpals
  • Metacarpals
  • Phalanges
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6
Q

Sternoclavicular Joint

A
  • Only bony attachment between upper limb and axial skeleton

- Scapulo-thoracic articulation

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7
Q

Axio-Appendicular Muscles

A
  • Help support/stabilize upper limb
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8
Q

Shoulder Movement Invovles

A
  • Sternoclavicular joint (SC)
  • Acromioclavicular (AC)
  • Glenohumeral joints (GH)
  • Scapulothoracic articulation
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9
Q

Injury/pathology to any of the joints involved in shoulder movement

A
  • Can hinder upper limb mobility
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10
Q

Clavicle is a Strut

A
  • Positions limb away from body
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11
Q

Scapula Movement

A
  • Lacks bony attachment to axial skeleton

- Allows for dynamic positioning and increased range of the upper limb

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12
Q

Scapulohumeral Rhythm

A
  • In full abduction (180ᵒ)
  • 120ᵒ occurs at glenohumeral joint
  • 60ᵒ occurs at scapulothoracic articulation
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13
Q

Clavicle Bone

A
  • Long bone with no medullary cavity
  • First bone to begin ossification
  • Superficial location, very palpable: good landmark
  • Along with scapula, allows maximal upper extremity motion
  • Transmits forces to axial skeleton
  • Helps form cervico-axillary canal: beginning of axilla
  • Muscle attachment
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14
Q

Coracoclavicular Ligaments Attachment

A
  • Acromial end of clavicle
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15
Q

Conoid Ligament Attachment

A
  • Conoid tubercle
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16
Q

Trapezoid Ligament Attachment

A
  • Trapezoid line
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17
Q

Costoclavicular Ligament Attachment

A
  • Sternal end of clavicle
18
Q

Sternal End of Clavicle

A
  • Articulates with manubrium: sternoclavicular joint
19
Q

Acromial End of Clavicle

A
  • Articulates with acromion: acromioclavicular joint
20
Q

Clavicle Fracture

A
  • Very common
  • Usually due to trauma (directly to shoulder or falling on outstretched hand)
  • Middle 1/3 (midshaft) most common location of fracture
21
Q

Sternoclavicular Joint (SC)

A
  • Between sternum and manubrium
  • Saddle, synovial joint
  • Very strong joint (ligament and muscle support)
  • Contains an articular disc (absorbs shock)
22
Q

Ligaments of Sternoclavicular Joint

A
  • Sternoclavicular (anterior, posterior)
  • Interclavicular
  • Costoclavicular
23
Q

Sternoclavicular Joint Movements

A
  • Elevation/depression
  • Anterior/posterior glide (protraction/retraction)
  • Rotation
24
Q

Acromioclavicular Joint

A
  • Between acromial end of clavicle and acromion of scapula

- Plane, synovial joint

25
Q

Acromioclavicular Joint Ligaments

A
  • Acromioclavicular

- Coracoclavicular (Conoid: medial, Trapezoid: lateral)

26
Q

Coracoclavicular Ligament (Acromioclavicular Joint)

A
  • Important stabilizer of AC joint
27
Q

Acromioclavicular Joint Movement

A
  • Gliding movements in response to scapular movements
28
Q

Suprascapular Notch

A
  • Transverse scapular ligament converts into a foramen

- Passageway for suprascapular nerve (not artery)

29
Q

Glenoid Cavity

A
  • Articulates with head of humerus

- Glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint)

30
Q

Glenohumeral Joint

A
  • Ball and socket synovial joint
  • Sacrifices stability for mobility
  • Rotator cuff is a major support
  • Between humeral head and glenoid fossa
  • Glenoid labrum deepens cavity
  • Long head of biceps brachii passes through the joint
31
Q

Glenohumeral Joint Capsule

A
  • Extends to anatomical neck
32
Q

Ligaments of the Glenohumeral Joint

A
  • Glenohumeral
  • Coracohumeral
  • Transverse humeral
  • Coraco-acromial (arch)
33
Q

Bursae of Glenohumeral Joint

A
  • Located between tendon and bone/ligament/other tendon
  • Subscapular
  • Subacromial
34
Q

Subscapular Bursa of Glenohumeral Joint

A
  • Extension of joint cavity

- Protects subscapularis tendon

35
Q

Subacromial Bursa of Glenohumeral Joint

A
  • Located between coracoacromial arch and joint capsule/suprspinatus tendon
36
Q

Movement of Glenohumeral Joint

A
  • Large amount

- Flex/ext, abd/add, rotation, circumduction

37
Q

Midhumeral Shaft Fracture

A
  • Can damage deep artery of the arm and/or radial nerve
  • Can cause a wrist drop
  • Triceps (elbow extension) weak but should be present
38
Q

Supracondylar (Supraepicondylar) Fracture

A
  • Distal fragment can be pulled superiorly: limb shortening
  • Fragments can damage surrounding neurovasculature (especially median nerve or brachial artery)
  • Loss of wrist and hand function
  • Sensory loss: lateral, palmar surface of hand
39
Q

Surgical Neck Fracture of the Humerus

A
  • Can damage axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery
  • Loss of shoulder abduction
  • Weak external rotation
  • Loss of sensation over lateral shoulder
40
Q

Inferior Shoulder Dislocation

A
  • Can also damage axillary nerve

Gross Anatomy (50 decks)

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