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Gross Anatomy > Pelvis: Male and Female Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Pelvis: Male and Female Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

(120 cards)

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1
Q

Testis

A
  • Produce sperm
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2
Q

Epididymis

A
  • Storage and maturation of sperm
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3
Q

Vas deferens (ductus deferens)

A
  • Transport of sperm from epididymis
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4
Q

Seminal vesicles

A
  • Secrete seminal fluid added to sperm (about 60-70%)
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5
Q

Ejaculatory ducts

A
  • Formed by the union of the ductus deferens and seminal vesicles
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6
Q

Prostate

A
  • Secrete seminal fluid added to sperm (about 30%)
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7
Q

Bulbourethral glands

A
  • Contribute small amounts of fluid to semen
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8
Q

Pathway of sperm

A
  • Epididymis
  • Vas deferens
  • Ejaculatory ducts
  • Prostatic urethra
  • Membranous urethra
  • Spongy urethra
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9
Q

Ductus deferens

A
  • Thick, smooth muscle wall

- Sympathetics (cause contraction during ejaculation)

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10
Q

Seminal gland (seminal vesicles)

A
  • Between bladder fundus and rectum

- Secrete thick alkaline fluid (fructose, coagulating agent)

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11
Q

Ejaculatory ducts

A
  • Junction of the ampulla of ductus deferens and duct of the seminal vesicle
  • Passes through prostate gland, opens on the seminal colliculus in the prostatic urethra
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12
Q

Prostate features

A
  • Walnut size gland, anterior to rectum
  • 2/3 glandular tissue
  • 1/3 fibromuscular tissue
    Prostatic ducts
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13
Q

Prostate location

A
  • Base is superior (inferior to bladder neck )

- Apex is inferior

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14
Q

Prostatic ducts

A
  • About 20-30

- Open into the prostatic sinuses

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15
Q

Bulborethral gland

A
  • Posterior to membranous uretha
  • Embedded in external urethral sphincter
  • Ducts open proximal spongy urethra
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16
Q

Prostate anatomical lobes

A
  • Anterior (Isthmus)
  • Posterior
  • Lateral (left & right)
  • Median (Middle)
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17
Q

Prostate zones

A
  • Peripheral
  • Central
  • Transitional
  • Fibromuscular
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18
Q

Peripheral zone of prostate

A
  • 70% of glandular volume
  • Surrounds distal prostatic urethra
  • Accessible by DRE
  • Majority of prostate cancers
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19
Q

Central zone of prostate

A
  • 25% of glandular volume
  • Surrounds ejaculatory ducts
  • Small % of cancers, but aggressive
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20
Q

Transitional zone of prostate

A
  • 5% of glandular volume
  • Surrounds proximal urethra
  • BPH
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21
Q

Fibromuscular zone of prostate

A
  • No glandular tissue
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22
Q

Male external genitalia

A
  • Penis (and urethra)

- Scrotum

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23
Q

Penis

A
  • Part of the urinary and reproductive systems

- 3 cylinders of erectile tissue

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24
Q

3 cylinders of erectile tissue of penis

A
  • Paired corpora cavernosa

- Corpus spongiosum

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25
3 parts of the penis
- Root - Body - Glans
26
Root of the penis
- Attached portion - Crura - Bulb - Bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles
27
Crura of penis
- Attached to ischial rami
28
Bulb of penis
- Attached to perineal membrane
29
Bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles of penis
- Surround bulb and crura
30
Body of penis
- Pendulous part | - Formed by 2 corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum coming together
31
Glans of penis
- Head (expansion of corpus spongiosum) | - External urethral orifice
32
Layers of the penis
1. Skin 2. Superficial fascia (Dartos fascia) 3. Bucks fascia (deep fascia) 4. Tunica albuginea 5. Erectile tissue
33
Skin of penis
- Prepuce (foreskin) covers glans if uncircumcised | - Frenulum (attaches foreskin to ventral penis)
34
Tunica albuginea of penis
- 2 layers of fibrous tissue - Thinner around the corpus spongiosum - Glans penis is not surrounded by tunica albugine
35
Erectile tissue of penis contains
- Corpora cavernosa (separated by incomplete septum) | - Corpus spongiosum (spongy urethra)
36
Arterial supply of penis
- Internal pudendal arteries - Dorsal arteries of the penis (paired) - Deep arteries of the penis/cavernosal (paired)
37
Dorsal arteries of the penis (paired)
- Circumflex branches | - Supply skin, CT, corpus spongiosum, glans penis, urethra
38
Deep arteries of the penis/cavernosal (paired)
- Travel through corpora cavernosa | - Supply helicine arteries within the erectile tissue
39
Female internal anatomy
- Ovaries - Uterine Tubes - Uterus - Vagina
40
Broad ligament
- Lateral extensions of peritoneum from uterus to pelvic wall - Minimal role in uterine support - Maintains organ alignment - Passageway for vessels/nerves
41
3 subdivisions of the broad ligament
- Mesometrium - Mesosaplinx - Mesovarium
42
Mesosalpinx
- Surrounds the uterine tube - Continuous with ovarian and suspensory ligament - Contains branches of ovarian and uterine arteries
43
Mexovarium
- Projects from posterior aspect of broad ligament | - Attached to ovary
44
Suspensory ligament of the ovary
- Peritoneal fold that extends from pelvic wall to superior pole of ovary - Contains ovarian vessels, nerves, lymph
45
Ovarian ligament
- Fibrous band within broad ligament - Attaches ovary to cornu of uterus (just inferior to uterine tubes) - Ovary is suspended in peritoneal cavity
46
Remnants of female gubernaculum
- Ovarian ligament | - Round ligament
47
Round ligament
- Attached to lateral cornu of uterus - Travels through inguinal canal - Contains small amounts of smooth muscle
48
Ovaries
- Female gonads within true pelvis, suspended in peritoneal cavity - Supported by mesovarium and ovarian ligament - Superior pole - Inferior pole
49
Superior pole of ovary
- Suspensory ligament, fimbriae
50
Inferior pole of ovary
- Ligament of ovary
51
Uterine tubes (oviducts, fallopian tubes)
- Usual site of fertilization - Conduct oocyte toward uterus - Most common site of ectopic pregnancies
52
4 parts of the uterine tube
- Infundibulum - Ampulla - Isthmus - Uterine (intramural)
53
Infundibulum
- Opens into peritoneal cavity through fimbriae | - Ovarian fimbria
54
Fimbriae
- Finger-like process of the infundibulum
55
Ampulla of the uterine tube
- Widest and longest part | - Fertilization most commonly occurs here
56
Uterus
- Thick-walled, muscular organ - Anteverted, anteflexed position - Covered by peritoneum (not cervix) - Notice relationship of posterior vaginal fornix to rectouterine pouch
57
Nongravid uterus
- Located in lesser pelvis
58
Culdocentesis (largely replaced by ultrasound)
- Access the rectouterine pouch through posterior vaginal fornix
59
Body of uterus
- Fundus superior to uterine ostia - In between layers of the broad ligament (movable) - Wall made of 3 layers - Uterine cavity - Uterine horns
60
3 layers of uterus
- Endometrium - Myometrium - Perimetrium
61
Endometrium of uterus
- Site of implantation | - Cyclical regeneration
62
Myometrium of uterus
- Smooth muscle
63
Perimetrium of uterus
- Serosa
64
Uterine horns
- Where uterine tubes enter
65
Isthmus of uterus
- Constricted portion
66
Cervix
- Inferior 1/3 of uterus - More fibroelastic tissue than body (less muscle) - Supravaginal (endocervix) - Vaginal (ectocervix) - Cervical canal
67
Vaginal portion of cervix (ectocervix)
- Surrounded by vaginal fornices
68
Cervical canal contains
- Internal os (opens to uterine cavity) | - External os (opens to vagina)
69
Vagina
- Distensible musculomembranous tube
70
Vagina communicates with
- Cervical canal | - Vestibule of the vagina
71
Vagina function
- Part of the birth canal - Conduit for menstrual flow - Sexual intercourse
72
Vaginal walls
- Approximated (except around cervix)
73
Fornices
- Superior recesses that surround ectocervix (vaginal cervix)
74
Vaginal fornices located
- Anterior, posterior (approximates rectouterine pouch), lateral
75
Anterior wall of vagina size
- Shorter than posterior
76
Anterior wall of vagina location
- Posterior to the bladder and urethra (cervix/vaginal fascia also supports) bladder
77
Posterior wall of vagina is anterior to
- Rectum - Anal canal - Pouch of Douglas
78
Arterial supply ovaries and uterine tubes
- Ovarian artery | - Uterine artery
79
Ovarian artery
- Branches from abdominal aorta | - Travels through suspensory ligament
80
Uterine artery
- Ascending branch bifurcates into tubal and ovarian branches - Ovarian and uterine arteries anastomose
81
Arterial supply of the uterus
- Ovarian arteries | - Uterine arteries
82
Arterial supply of the vagina
- Superior: uterine arteries | - Middle and inferior: vaginal and internal pudendal
83
Venous drainage of ovary
- Right ovarian vein > IVC | - Left ovarian vein > left renal
84
Pelvic viscera support
- Maintain proper alignment/prevents prolapse - Pelvic diaphragm - Endopelvic fascia/ligaments
85
Pelvic diaphragm
- Constant tone | - Dynamic
86
Endopelvic fascia/ligaments function
- Contain smooth muscle | - Help maintain alignment
87
Endopelvic ligaments
- Transverse cervical (cardinal ligament) - Uterosacral ligament - Pubocervical ligament - Rectovaginal septum
88
Female external genitalia (vulva)
- Mons pubis - Labia majora - Labia minora - Clitoris
89
Mons pubis
- Fatty eminence over pubic bone and symphysis
90
Labia majora
- Cutaneous fold containing fat and round ligament - Lateral boundary of pudendal cleft - Outer: Pubic hair and sebaceous glands (inner are hairless)
91
Labia minora
- Fat-free, hairless - Has sebaceous glands and sensory nerve endings - Contains a core of “erectile like” tissue - Enclose vestibule of vagina - Frenulum of clitoris - Prepuce of clitoris
92
Vestibule of external female genitalia
- Space surrounded by labia minora | - Openings for external urethra and vagina
93
Mucous secreting glands of vestibule (vulva)
- Lesser vestibular glands (Skenes) | - Greater vestibular glands (Bartholins)
94
Lesser vestibular glands (Skenes)
- Sides of urethral orifice
95
Greater vestibular glands (Bartholins)
- 5’ and 7’ o'clock position relative to vaginal orifice
96
Clitoris
- Erectile, sensory organ - Located where labia minor meet anteriorly - Surrounded by tunica albuginea
97
Parts of the clitoris
- Crura (2) - Body - Glans
98
Crura (2) of clitoris
- Attached to inferior pubic rami
99
Body of clitoris
- Where the 2 corpora cavernosa meet | - Covered by prepuce
100
Glans of clitoris
- Spongy erectile tissue with high density of sensory endings - Receives erectile tissue slips from vestibular bulb
101
Sensory innervation of clitoris
- Dorsal nerve of clitoris (pudendal nerve) | - Autonomics: cavernous nerves from uterovaginal plexus
102
Bulb of vestibule is located
- Alongside vaginal and urethral orifice | - Deep to labia
103
Bulb of vestibule is covered by
- Bulbospongiosus muscle
104
Bulb of vestibule contributes to
- Glans clitoris
105
Bulb of vestibule
- Erectile tissue | - Stabilizes vaginal wall
106
Internal iliac artery supplies
- Pelvic region - Perineum - Gluteal and medial thigh regions
107
Internal iliac artery location
- Begins L5/S1 disc level | - Variation in branching patterns
108
Internal iliac artery divides into
- Anterior division | - Posterior division
109
Nerves found in the pelvis
- Obturator nerve (L2,3,4) | - Lumbosacral trunk (L4,5)
110
Obturator nerve (L2,3,4)
- Descends into pelvis from lumbar plexus | - Exits pelvis through obturator canal (enters medial thigh)
111
Lumbosacral trunk (L4,5)
- Joins sacral plexus
112
Sacral plexus located
- S1-S4 | - Anterior to piriformis
113
Nerves derived from sacral plexus can have
- L4 and L5 root because of lumbosacral trunk
114
Most branches of sacral plexus exit pelvis through
- GSF to lower extremity and perieneum
115
Pelvic autonomic nerves
- Inferior hypogastric plexus
116
Inferior hypogastric plexus receives sympathetics from
- Hypogastric nerves from superior hypogastric plexus | - Sacral splanchnic nerves from sacral sympathetic trunk
117
Inferior hypogastric plexus receives parasympathetic nerves from
- Pelvic splanchnic (S2-4)
118
Autonomic innervation of penis/clitoris (erection)
- Inferior hypogastric plexus > Prostatic/Uterovaginal plexus > Cavernous nerves
119
Autonomics involved with penis/clitoris (erection) contain
- Sympathetics and parasympathetics - Parasympathetics: erection - Innervates helicine arteries
120
Prostate surgery
- Can damage cavernous nerves

Gross Anatomy (50 decks)

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