Imaging Overview: Cervical and Spine X-Rays Flashcards
1
Q
Radiodense
A
- Inhibits the passage of x-rays
2
Q
Radolucent
A
- Allows the passage of x-rays
3
Q
Plain Film
A
- X-ray that is taken without contrast
4
Q
Angiography
A
- Inject radio nucleotide into blood stream prior to x-ray
- Radio opaque dye can be seen when x-ray is taken to see vasculature
5
Q
Most Radiolucent
A
- Air
6
Q
Most Radiodense
A
- Bone
7
Q
Most to Least Radiodense
A
- Compact bone
- Spongy bone
- Water and most tissues
- Fat
- Air
8
Q
Computerized Tomography
A
- Takes different angular projection x-rays that are processed by a computer into different slices
9
Q
Three Standard X-Ray Views
A
- Lateral
- Anterior/posterior
- Open mouth view)
10
Q
Atlas (C1)
A
- No vertebral body or spinous process
- Has anterior arch visible in anterior tubercle
- Seen laterally on x-ray
- Also has posterior arch and tubercle
11
Q
Axis (C2)
A
- Largest spinous process, usually can be felt
12
Q
Vertebrae Prominens (C7)
A
- Has longest spinous process
- Usually can be felt externally
13
Q
Amphiarthrosis
A
- Slightly movable
14
Q
Symphysis Joint
A
- Fibrocartilaginous joint that is slightly movable
15
Q
Articular Processes
A
- Anterior to spinous processes
- Limit extension (bending head back)
- Located throughout entire column
- Every vertebrae has two inferior and two superior
16
Q
Facet Joints
A
- 45-50 degrees above horizontal plane
- Do not restrict movement in a particular plane
- Much mobility in cervical spine because of this orientation
17
Q
C1
A
- Articulates with occipital condyles of occipital bone (skull)
- No disc between this vertebrae and occipital condyles
- Primary movement is flexion/extension (nodding head yes)
18
Q
Atlanto-Axial Joint
A
- Articular processes of C1 articulate with superior processes of C2
- More complex: additional articulation between dens (odontoid process) and posterior aspect of anterior arch of atlas
19
Q
3 Components of Atlanto-Axial Joint
A
- C1
- C2
- Dens (extends superiorly from C2 to allow for rotation of C1)
20
Q
Body Lines
A
- Anterior/posterior
- Posterior spinous
- Spinal lamina between anterior posterior spinous
21
Q
Uncinate Process
A
- Unique to cervical spine
- Lateral lips of superior surface of body of cervical vertebrae and project outward
- Likely involved with limiting motion
22
Q
Bone Spurs in Uncovertebral Joints
A
- Located next to intervertebral foramen where spinal nerves come out
- Can protrude and put pressure on spinal nerves in IVF causing pain
23
Q
Lateral Atlanto-Axial Joint
A
- Spaces between C1 and C2 underneath
24
Q
Fracture of the Dens
A
- Can result in an instability in upper cervical spine
- Can effect breathing, cause quadriplegia (paralysis in all four limbs)
25
Q
Median Atlanto-Axial Joint (Pivot Joint)
A
- Space between C1 and lateral sides of the Dens
