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Gross Anatomy > Head: Cranial Nerves VI-XII > Flashcards

Head: Cranial Nerves VI-XII Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial nerve VI

A
  • Abducent nerve
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2
Q

Abducent nerve (CN VI)

A
  • Pass through cavernous sinus

- Exits cranium through superior orbital fissure

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3
Q

Abducent nerve (CN VI) function

A
  • Innervates lateral rectus (eye abductor)
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4
Q

Cranial nerve VII

A
  • Facial nerve
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5
Q

Facial nerve (CN VII) is formed by

A
  • Facial nerve proper

- Nervus intermedius

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6
Q

Facial nerve proper innervation

A
  • Muscle of facial expression
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7
Q

Nervus intermedius innervation

A
  • Parasympathetic
  • Taste (special sensory)
  • Somatic sensory
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8
Q

Facial nerve (CN VII) pathway

A
  • Posterior cranial fossa
  • Internal acoustic meatus
  • Facial canal (temporal bone)
  • Exits skull through stylomastoid foramen
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9
Q

Facial nerve (CN VII) is the

A
  • Longest intraossesous course of any cranial nerve
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10
Q

Branches of Facial nerve (CN VII) in the facial canal

A
  • Greater petrosal
  • Nerve to stapedius
  • Chorda tympani nerve
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11
Q

Portion of Facial nerve (CN VII) that exits stylomastoid foramen innervates

A
  • Muscles of facial expression
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12
Q

Sensory innervation of Facial nerve (CN VII)

A
  • Special (taste)

- Somatic

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13
Q

Facial nerve (CN VII) cell bodies are located in the

A
  • Geniculate ganglion
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14
Q

Special (taste) innervation of Facial nerve (CN VII)

A
  • Anterior 2/3 of tongue

- Travels in chorda tympani

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15
Q

Somatic sensory innervation of Facial nerve (CN VII)

A
  • Small portion of external ear (concha)

- External acoustic meatus/tympanic membrane

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16
Q

Motor innervation of Facial nerve (CN VII)

A
  • Somatic

- Parasympathetic (visceral)

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17
Q

Somatic motor innervation of Facial nerve (CN VII)

A
  • Muscle of facial expression (and some others)

- Efferent limb of corneal reflex

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18
Q

Parasympathetic (visceral) motor innervation of Facial nerve (CN VII) delivers

A
  • Presynaptic parasympathetics to greater petrosal nerve

- Presynaptic parasympathetics to chorda tympani

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19
Q

Greater petrosal nerve pathway

A
  • Greater petrosal nerve
  • Pterygopalatine ganglion
  • Lacrimal gland (and other glands)
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20
Q

Chorda tympani pathway

A
  • Chorda tympani
  • Submandibular ganglion
  • Sublingual & submandibular salivary glands
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21
Q

Lesions to Facial nerve (CN VII) can result in a loss of/altered

A
  • Lacrimation
  • Taste anterior 2/3 tongue
  • Salivation
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22
Q

Lesions to Facial nerve (CN VII) symptoms

A
  • Depend on location of injury
  • Paralysis of facial muscles
  • Hyperacusis
  • Loss of corneal reflex
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23
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A
  • Idiopathic facial paralysis

- Cause is unknown exactly

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24
Q

Bell’s Palsy symptoms

A
  • Compression,cischemia, demyelination of facial nerve in facial canal
  • Can see other symptoms depending on location
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25
Q

Cranial nerve VIII

A
  • Vestibulocochlear nerve
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26
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

A
  • Passes through internal acoustic meatus

- Innervates inner ear structures

27
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) separates into

A
  • Vestibular nerve

- Cochlear nerve

28
Q

Vestibular nerve (branch of Vestibulocochlear nerve/CN VIII) regulates

A
  • Head positon

- Linear and angular acceleration

29
Q

Cochlear nerve (branch of Vestibulocochlear nerve/CN VIII) regulates

A
  • Hearing
30
Q

Cranial nerve IX

A
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve
31
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) exits cranium through

A
  • Jugular foramen
32
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) is

A
  • Sensory
  • Somatic
  • Special
  • Visceral
33
Q

Sensory innervation of Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

A
  • Superior & inferior ganglia of glossopharyngeal
34
Q

Somatic innervation of Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

A
  • Tympanic cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Palatine tonsil
  • Posterior 1/3 tongue
  • Afferent limb of gag reflex
35
Q

Special innervation of Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

A
  • Taste posterior 1/3 of tongue
36
Q

Visceral innervation of Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

A
  • Carotid sinus (baroreceptor)
  • Carotid body (chemoreceptor)
  • Carotid branch
37
Q

Cranial nerve X

A
  • Vagus nerve
38
Q

Vagus nerve (CN X) is

A
  • Both sensory and motor
39
Q

Sensory innervation of Vagus nerve (CN X)

A
  • Superior vagal ganglion

- Inferior vagal ganglion (nodose ganglion)

40
Q

Motor innervation of Vagus nerve (CN X)

A
  • Somatic

- Visceral (parasympathetic)

41
Q

Superior vagal ganglion of Vagus nerve (CN X) contains

A
  • Cell bodies of general sensory sensory neurons
42
Q

Superior vagal ganglion of Vagus nerve (CN X) innervation

A
  • Portion of external ear
  • External auditory meatus
  • Tympanic membrane
  • Larynx (and a portion of laryngopharynx)
43
Q

Inferior vagal ganglion (nodose ganglion) of Vagus nerve (CN X) contains

A
  • Cell bodies of visceral sensory

- Taste neurons

44
Q

Inferior vagal ganglion (nodose ganglion) of Vagus nerve (CN X) innervates

A
  • Aortic chemoreceptors
  • Baroreceptors
  • Thoracic and abdominal organs
  • Taste from tongue root, epiglottis
45
Q

Lesion of Vagus nerve (CN X) effects

A
  • Gag reflex or saying “ahhh”
  • Laryngeal paralysis
  • Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
46
Q

The gag reflex in Vagus nerve (CN X) lesion results in

A
  • Uvula deviates away from affected side (bad side)
47
Q

Laryngeal paralysis from the lesion of Vagus nerve (CN X) causes

A
  • Change in voice (hoarseness)
48
Q

Somatic motor innervation of Vagus nerve (CN X)

A
  • Soft palate (except tensor veli palatine)
  • Pharynx (except stylopharyngeus)
  • All Laryngeal muscles
  • Palatoglossus
49
Q

Pharynx (except stylopharyngeus) from Vagus nerve (CN X) innervation is the

A
  • Efferent limb of gag reflex
50
Q

Visceral (parasympathetic) innervation of Vagus nerve (CN X)

A
  • Presynaptic parasympathetic to thoracic and most abdominal viscera up to left colic flexure
51
Q

Cranial nerve XI

A
  • Spinal accessory nerve
52
Q

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) arises from

A
  • Cervical spinal cord
53
Q

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) enters cranium through the

A
  • Foramen magnum
54
Q

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) exits cranium through the

A
  • Jugular foramen
55
Q

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) innervates

A
  • Sternocleidomastoid muscle

- Trapezius muscle

56
Q

Lesion to CN XI may cause

A
  • Weakness in SCM/trapezius
  • Shoulder shrug
  • Cervical rotation to opposite side
57
Q

Cranial nerve XII

A
  • Hypoglossal nerve
58
Q

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) exits cranium through

A
  • Hypoglossal canal
59
Q

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) is joined by

A
  • Branches of the cervical plexus
60
Q

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) is

A
  • Both sensory and motor
61
Q

Sensory innervation of Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

A
  • None really

- Fibers from cervical plexus travel hitchhike with CN XII

62
Q

Motor innervation of Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

A
  • Intrinsic tongue muscles

- Extrinsic tongue muscles (except palatoglossus)

63
Q

Hypoglossal nerve lesion may cause

A
  • Dysarthria
  • Tongue atrophy
  • Deviation to injured side during tongue protrusion

Gross Anatomy (50 decks)

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