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Gross Anatomy > Abdomen: Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Abdomen: Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal cavity extends from

A
  • Thoracic diaphragm superiorly

- To pelvic inlet inferiorly

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2
Q

Abdominal cavity is continuous with

A
  • Pelvic cavity (abdominopelvic cavity)
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3
Q

Abdominal muscles/aponeuroses form a

A
  • Non-rigid anterior and lateral wall
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4
Q

Ribs overly some

A
  • Abdominal viscera

- Rib fracture can damage abdominal viscera

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5
Q

Structures that form the posterior abdominal wall

A
  • Lumbar vertebrae
  • IVD
  • Pelvis
  • Muscles
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6
Q

Abdominal cavity contains organs of

A
  • GI tract

- Urogenital tract

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7
Q

9 abdominal regions formed by these 4 planes

A
  • 2 midclavicular planes
  • Subcostal plane
  • Transtubercular (intertubercular) plane
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8
Q

Subcostal plane located at level of

A
  • L3 vertebral body
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9
Q

Transtubercular (intertubercular) plane located at level of

A
  • L5 vertebral body
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10
Q

Abdominal quadrants formed by 2 planes

A
  • Transumbilical plane

- Median plane

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11
Q

Transumbilical plane located at level of

A
  • L3/4 disc
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12
Q

Transpyloric plane

A
  • Midway between manubrium and pubic symphysis

- Transects pylorus

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13
Q

Transpyloric plane located at level of

A
  • L1 vertebral body
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14
Q

Supracristal plane located at level of

A
  • L4 vertebral body
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15
Q

Layers of anterolateral abdominal wall (11)

A
  • Skin
  • Superficial fascia
  • Deep fascia (investing)
  • External oblique muscle
  • Deep fascia (investing)
  • Internal oblique muscle
  • Deep Fascia (investing)
  • Transversus abdominis
  • Endoabdominal fascia
  • Extraperitoneal tissue (fat)
  • Parietal peritoneum
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16
Q

Superficial fascia (subcutaneous fascia) has 2 layers

A
  • Camper fascia (fatty layer)

- Scarpa fascia (fibrous layer)

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17
Q

Endoabdominal fascia also called

A
  • Transversalis fascia
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18
Q

Abdominal muscles

A
  • External oblique (EO)
  • Internal oblique (IO)
  • Transversus abdominis (TA)
  • Rectus Abdominis (RA)
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19
Q

External/Internal oblique muscle fibers run

A
  • Perpendicular to each other
  • Similar to plywood
  • Fiber direction is important in muscle sparing incisions
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20
Q

Aponeurosis

A
  • Broad, flat sheet of fibrous connective tissue that functions like a tendon
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21
Q

Anterior continuation of EO, IO, and TA aponeuroses forms

A
  • Linea semilunaris
  • Rectus sheath
  • Midline raphe
  • Intersection with contralateral aponeuroses
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22
Q

Linea semilunaris is located

A
  • Lateral to rectus abdominis
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23
Q

Midline raphe (linea alba) extends

A
  • Xiphoid to pubic symphisis

- Between rectus abdominis

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24
Q

Midline raphe (linea alba) is a good incision point because

A
  • It is avascular
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25
Q

Rectus abdominis inferior attachment

A
  • Pubic symphysis/crest
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26
Q

Rectus abdominis superior attachments

A
  • Xiphoid process

- 5-7th ribs

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27
Q

Rectus abdominis muscle segments are

A
  • Separated tendinous intersections
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28
Q

External oblique attachment points

A
  • Ribs 5-12

- Linea alba, pubic tubercle/crest, iliac crest, ASIS

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29
Q

Internal oblique attachment points

A
  • Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest

- Ribs 10-12, linea alba, pubic bone

30
Q

Transversus abdominis attachment points

A
  • Lower ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest

- Linea alba, pubic bone

31
Q

Pyramidalis muscle

A
  • Small, triangular muscle

- Absent in ~20% of people

32
Q

Rectus abdominis and external oblique do NOT attach to

A
  • Thoracolumbar fascia
33
Q

Rectus sheath

A
  • Fibrous compartment

- Formed by aponeuroses of EO, IO, TA

34
Q

Arcuate line

A
  • Demarcation of change in sheath structure

- Located 1/3 distance between umbilicus to pubic symphysis

35
Q

Anterior wall above arcuate line

A
  • EO aponeurosis

- Anterior lamina of IO aponeurosis

36
Q

Posterior wall above arcuate line

A
  • Posterior lamina of IO aponeurosis

- TA aponeurosis

37
Q

Anterior wall below arcuate line

A
  • Aponeuroses of all muscles
38
Q

Posterior wall below arcuate line

A
  • None really

- Only transversalis fascia and peritoneum

39
Q

Posterior layer of rectus sheath is absent

A
  • Above the costal margin
40
Q

Rectus sheath contains

A
  • Rectus abdominis
  • Pyramidalis muscle
  • Sup. and inf. epigastric vessels
41
Q

Sensory innervation of abdominal wall involves

A
  • Ventral rami T7-11
  • Subcostal nerve (T12)
  • Ventral rami of L1
42
Q

Ventral rami T7-11

A
  • Thoracoabdominal nerves

- Lateral and anterior cutaneous branches

43
Q

Ventral rami T10 supplies

A
  • The umbilicus area
44
Q

Ventral rami of L1 branches into

A
  • Iliohypogastric nerve (ventral rami L1)

- Ilioinguinal nerve (ventral rami L1)

45
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve (ventral rami L1) supplies

A
  • Inguinal region

- Anterior scrotum/labia majora

46
Q

Motor innervation to the abdominal muscles is

A
  • The same as sensory
47
Q

Blood supply of the abdominal wall

A
  • Superior epigastric
  • Inferior epigastric
  • Superficial epigastric
  • Superficial circumflex iliac
  • 10th and 11th posterior intercostals
  • Subcostal
  • Lumbar arteries
48
Q

Superior epigastric artery is a branch off

A
  • Internal thoracic artery
49
Q

Inferior epigastric is a branch off

A
  • External iliac artery
50
Q

Branches off femoral artery

A
  • Superficial epigastric

- Superficial circumflex iliac

51
Q

Branches off the aorta

A
  • 10th/11th posterior intercostals

- Subcostal

52
Q

Superior & inferior epigastric enter rectus sheath

anastomose

A
  • Around umbilicus
53
Q

Superior & inferior epigastric enter rectus sheath provide the pathway of

A
  • Collateral circulation in aortic stenosis/occlusion
54
Q

Deep venous drainage of abdominal wall (mirrors arterial supply)

A
  • Superior epigastric vein (internal thoracic vein)

- Inferior epigastric vein (external iliac vein)

55
Q

Superficial venous drainage

A
  • Multiple superficial veins

- Superficial epigastric (great saphenous vein)

56
Q

Thoracoepigastric vein

A
  • Communicates w/ axillary and saphenous veins
  • Saphenous vein drains into the femoral vein
  • Provides a collateral pathway when IVC or portal
57
Q

Abdominal wall lymph drainage above umbilicus

A
  • Anterior axillary nodes
58
Q

Abdominal wall lymph drainage below umbilicus

A
  • Superficial inguinal nodes
59
Q

Anterolateral abdominal wall contains

A
  • Peritoneal folds
  • Fossae
  • Falciform ligament
60
Q

Peritoneal folds

A
  • Median umbilical fold (ligament)
  • Medial umbilical fold (ligament)
  • Lateral umbilical fold
61
Q

Median umbilical fold (ligament)

A
  • Remnant of the urachus
62
Q

Medial umbilical fold (ligament)

A
  • Obliterated umbilical arteries
63
Q

Lateral umbilical fold

A
  • Inferior epigastric vessels
64
Q

Fossae of the anterolateral abdominal wall are

A
  • Depressions between umbilical folds
65
Q

3 fossae of the anterolateral wall

A
  • Supravescial
  • Medial inguinal
  • Lateral inguinal
66
Q

Supravescial fossa

A
  • Between median and medial fold

- Related to the bladder

67
Q

Medial inguinal fossa

A
  • Between medial and lateral folds
  • Inguinal triangle (Hesselbach triangle)
  • Site of direct inguinal hernia
68
Q

Lateral inguinal fossa

A
  • Lateral to lateral folds
  • Location of deep inguinal ring
  • Site of indirect inguinal hernia
69
Q

Falciform ligament

A
  • Peritoneal reflection between liver and anterior/superior abdominal wall
70
Q

Falciform ligament contains

A
  • Round ligament of liver (ligamentum teres hepatis)

- Paraumbilical veins

71
Q

Round ligament of liver (ligamentum teres hepatis)

A
  • Remnant of umbilical vein

Gross Anatomy (50 decks)

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