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Gross Anatomy > Head: Face, Facial Nerve, Trigeminal Nerve > Flashcards

Head: Face, Facial Nerve, Trigeminal Nerve Flashcards

1
Q

Face

A
  • Supraorbital margin to chin, ear-to-ear

- Role in communication and identity

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2
Q

Scalp

A
  • Supraorbital margin to superior nuchal lines, zygomatic arch to zygomatic arch
  • Good vascular supply
  • 5 layers
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3
Q

5 Layers of the Scalp

A
  • Skin
  • Connective tissue (dense)
  • Aponeurosis (epicranial aponeurosis)
  • Loose connective tissue
  • Pericranium
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4
Q

Skin of the scalp contains

A
  • Sweat glands
  • Sebaceous glands
  • Hair follicles
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5
Q

Aponeurosis of the scalp

A
  • Also called the galea aponeurotica

- Tendon sheet that connects bellies of occipitofrontalis (epicranius)

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6
Q

Loose connective tissue of the scalp

A
  • Potential space, allows for movement of the scalp proper (layers 1-3)
  • Danger space of the scalp
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7
Q

Danger space of the scalp

A
  • Emissary veins communicate with the dural sinuses in the cranial cavity
  • Infection can spread to cranial cavity structures (meninges)
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8
Q

Pericranium

A
  • Periosteum of the skull
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9
Q

Muscles of facial expression are located/innervated

A
  • Located in the subcutaneous tissue of the face, neck, scalp
  • Innervated by facial nerve (CN VII)
  • Muscle fibers intermingle
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10
Q

Occipitofrontalis function

A
  • Wrinkles eyebrows
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11
Q

Orcibularis Oculi function

A
  • Narrows palpebral fissure (closes eyelid)
  • Assist movement of lacrimal fluid
  • Palpebral and orbital parts
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12
Q

Orbicularis Oris function

A
  • Important in speech, eating, facial expression
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13
Q

Buccinator attachments

A
  • Alveolar processes of maxillae and mandible

- Pterygomandibular raphe

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14
Q

Buccinator muscle

A
  • Covered by buccal fat pad

- Helps keep food between teeth during eating

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15
Q

Preganglionics originate in the brainstem and travel in these nerves

A
  • Occulomotor nerve
  • Facial nerve
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve
  • Vagus nerve
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16
Q

Preganglionics of occulomotor nerve pathway

A
  1. Occulomotor nerve
  2. Ciliary ganglia
  3. Intrinsic eye muscles
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17
Q

Preganglionics of Facial Nerve contains both

A
  • Pterygopalatine ganglia

- Submandibular ganglia

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18
Q

Pteryopalatine ganglia of facial nerve pathway

A
  1. Facial nerve
  2. Pteryopalatine ganglia
  3. Lacrimal and nasal glands
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19
Q

Submandibular ganglia of facial nerve pathway

A
  1. Facial nerve
  2. Submandibular ganglia
  3. Sublingual and submandibular glands
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20
Q

Preganglionics of glossopharyngeal nerve pathway

A
  1. Glossopharyngeal nerve
  2. Otic ganglia
  3. Parotid gland
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21
Q

Preganglionics of vagus nerve pathway

A
  1. Vagus nerve

2. Parasympathetic function to thorax/abdomen

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22
Q

Facial Nerve (CN VII) contains

A
  • Somatic motor nerve fibers
  • Parasympathetic motor nerve fibers
  • Sensory nerve fibers
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23
Q

Two roots of facial nerve exit the brainstem at

A
  • Pontomedullary junction
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24
Q

Two roots of facial nerve exiting through pontomedullary juntcion

A
  • Sensory/parasympathetic root (nervus intermedius)

- Motor root

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25
Sensory nerve fibers of facial nerve root supply
- Somatosensory (part of the ear) | - Taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue and palate)
26
Presynaptic parasympathetic nerve fibers of facial nerve root supply
- Lacrimal gland - Submandibular gland - Sublingual gland
27
Motor root of facial nerve roots supply
- Muscles of facial expression - Stapedius - Stylohyoid - Posterior belly of digastric
28
Two roots of facial nerve entry point
- Internal acoustic meatus | - Join together inside the facial canal
29
Branches of facial nerve in the facial canal
- Greater petrosal nerve - Chorda tympani nerve - Nerve to stapedius
30
Greater Petrosal Nerve contains
- Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers | - Go to pterygopalatine ganglion (located in the pterygopalatine fossa)
31
Chorda Tympani Nerve
- Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular ganglion - Taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
32
Nerve to Stapedius
- Innervates stapedius muscle
33
Geniculate Ganglion contains
- Cell bodies of sensory neurons associated with CN VII (somatosensory, taste)
34
Motor to facial muscles exit point
- Exits skull through stylomastoid foramen
35
Motor to facial muscles gives off
- Posterior auricular branch | - Branches to stylohyloid and posterior belly of digastric
36
Entry point of motor innervation
- Enters parotid gland | - Forms parotid plexus (within gland)
37
Branches of the Parotid Plexus
- Temporal - Zygomatic - Buccal - Marginal mandibular - Cervical
38
Lesions to Facial Nerve
- Symptoms depend on location of injury - Paralysis of facial muscles - Hyperacusis - Loss of corneal reflex
39
Loss of/altered functions/sensations in lesions to the Facial Nerve
- Lacrimation - Taste anterior 2/3 tongue - Salivation
40
Bell's Palsy
- Idiopathic facial paralysis - Cause: unknown exactly - Compression, ischemia, demyelination of facial nerve in facial canal - Can see other symptoms depending on location
41
Content of the Parotid region
- Parotid gland and duct - Facial nerve (parotid plexus) - Retromandibular vein - External carotid artery - Parotid lymph nodes - Masseter muscle
42
Parotid region content that passes through the glandular tissue
- Facial nerve (parotid plexus) - Retromandibular vein - External carotid artery
43
Parotid Gland
- Largest salivary gland - Facial nerve plexus embedded within - Surrounded by parotid sheath (connective tissue capsule) - Inflammation is painful
44
Parotid Gland location
- Between mandibular ramus and mastoid process
45
Parotid duct (Stensons duct)
- 5-7 cm long - Finger width below zygomatic arch (superficial location) - Crosses masseter and dives deep at its anterior border - Pierces buccal fat pad and buccinator to enter oral cavity (2nd maxillary molar) - Buccal branches of facial found alongside
46
Sensory innervation of the Parotid Gland
- Auriculotemporal nerve (branch of V3) | - Great auricular nerve
47
Autonomic innervation of Parotid Gland influences
- Glandular secretion | - Blood flow to the gland
48
Sympathetic innervation of the Parotid Gland
- Postsynaptic from superior cervical ganglia | - Travel in the the external carotid nerve plexus to the gland
49
Parasympathetic innervation of the Parotid Gland
- Presynaptic travel in glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
50
Cutaneous innervation of the face and scalp
- Trigeminal nerve - Dorsal rami of C2 and C3 - Lesser occipital - Great auricular
51
Trigeminal nerve innervates
- Face and scalp anterior to the vertex
52
Dorsal rami of C2 and C3 innervate
- Posterior to vertex | - Upper neck
53
Lesser occipital nerve innervation
- Cervical plexus | - C2
54
Great auricular nerve innervation
- Cervical plexus | - C2 and 3
55
Trigeminal nerve roots (motor and sensory) emerge from
- The pons
56
Three divisions of Trigeminal Nerve
- Ophthalmic (V1) - Maxillary (V2) - Mandibular (V3)
57
Sensory root of Trigeminal Nerve (follows all 3 divisions)
- Face, oral cavity, tongue, palate, nasal cavity, sinuses | - Sensory cell bodies are located in the trigeminal ganglion
58
Motor root of Trigeminal Nerve (follows V3) innervates
- Muscles of mastication - Tensor tympani - Tensor veli palatini - Anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid
59
Opthalmic Nerve (V1) passes through
- Passes through superior orbital fissure to enter orbit | - Branches associated with face sensation
60
Frontal branches of Opthalmic Nerve (V1)
- Supraorbital | - Supratrochlear
61
Nasociliary branches of Opthalmic Nerve (V1)
- External nasal | - Infratrochlear
62
Branches of Opthalmic Nerve (V1) associated with facial sensation
- Fronatl - Nasociliary - Lacrimal
63
Maxilarry Nerve (V2) passes through
- Passes through foramen rotundum to enter pterygopalatine fossa - Branches associated with face sensation
64
Branches of Maxillary Nerve (V2) associated with facial sensation
- Zygomatic | - Infraorbital
65
Zygomatic branches of Maxillary Nerve (V2)
- Zygomaticotemporal | - Zygomaticofacial
66
Mandibular Nerve (V3) passes through
- Passes through foramen ovale to enter infratemporal fossa | - Branches associated with facial sensation
67
Branches of Mandibular Nerve (V3) associated with facial sensation
- Auriculotemporal - Buccal - Mental nerve
68
Arteries of face and scalp are primarily branches of
- External carotid
69
Branches of external carotid that supply the face and scalp
- Occipital - Posterior auricular - Superficial temporal
70
Superficial Temporal branch of ECA
- Terminal branch of external carotid - Passes between TMJ and auricle - Travels with auriculotemporal nerve
71
Branches from opthlamic artery (which is a branch of the internal carotid) that supply the face and scalp
- Supraorbital | - Supratrochlear
72
Arteries of the face
- Transverse facial artery - Branch of superficial temporal - Mental artery - Supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries (from the internal carotid)
73
Facial artery branches
- Inferior and superior labial arteries - Lateral nasal - Angular: terminal continuation of facial
74
Veins of the scalp (same names as the arteries)
- Supraorbital vein - Supratrochlear vein - Superficial temporal vein - Occipital vein - Posterior auricular vein
75
Veins of the face
- Supraorbital - Supratrochlear - Angular vein - Facial vein - Retromandibular vein
76
Angular vein
- Communicates through orbit with superior ophthalmic vein | - Route of infection spread from face to intracranium
77
Facial vein
- Continuation of angular vein
78
Retromandibular vein is formed by/passes through
- Superficial temporal and maxillary veins | - Passes through parotid gland superficial to ECA
79
Posterior division of retromandibular vein
- Joins posterior auricular > EJV
80
Anterior division of retromandibular vein
- Joins facial > common facial > IJV
81
Supraorbital and supratrochlear veins
- Unite to form the angular vein
82
Facial pulse location
- Anterior to masseter muscle
83
Superficial temporal pulse location
- Anterior auricle
84
Lymph drainage of the superficial face and scalp
- Drain into pericervical collar of lymph nodes
85
Submental node receive drainage from
- Chin | - Central lip
86
Submandibular nodes receive drainage from
- Lateral nose - Upper lip - Lateral lower lip
87
Parotid nodes receive drainage from
- Lateral face - Ffrontal/temporal scalp - Eyelids - External acoustic meatus
88
Preauricular nodes receive drainage from
- Lateral parietal scalp | - Anterior ear
89
Mastoid nodes receive drainage from
- Posterior ear - Posterolateral scalp - Posterior external auditory meatus
90
Occipital nodes receive drainage from
- Posteror scalp (occipital area)
91
All superficial face and scalp eventually drain into
- Superficial and deep cervical lymph nodes (mostly deep cervical nodes)
92
Tympanic nerve (branch of CN IX) travels to
- The tympanic plexus | - Exits tympanic cavity in the lesser petrosal nerve
93
Foramen ovale
- Exit point for tympanic nerve | - Nerve travels along floor of middle cranial fossa, exits out the foramen ovale
94
After exiting the foramen ovale, the tympanic nerve
- Synapses in the otic ganglion located in infratemporal fossa
95
Postsynaptic fibers of tympanic nerve
- Travel within the auriculotemporal nerve (branch of V3) to the parotid gland

Gross Anatomy (50 decks)

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