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Gross Anatomy > Upper Extremity: Arm and Cubital Fossa > Flashcards

Upper Extremity: Arm and Cubital Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

Arm

A
  • Region between shoulder to elbow joint

- 2 compartments separated by intermuscular septa

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2
Q

Anterior Compartment

A
  • Flexors of the elbow (forearm) and shoulder (arm)
  • 1 supinator
  • Innervated primarily by musculocutaneous nerve
  • Muscles
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3
Q

Anterior Compartment Muscles

A
  • Biceps brachii
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Brachialis
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4
Q

Posterior Compartment

A
  • Extensors of the elbow
  • Innervated by radial nerve
  • Muscles
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5
Q

Posterior Compartment Muscles

A
  • Triceps brachii

- Aconeus

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6
Q

Biceps Brachii

A
  • 3 joint muscle
  • 2 heads, short and long
  • No attachment to the humerus
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7
Q

Biceps Brachii Proximal Attachment (Origin)

A
  • Short head: tip of coracoid process (scapula)

- Long head: supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)

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8
Q

Biceps Brachii Distal Attachment (Insertion)

A
  • Tuberosity of radius

- Fascia of medial forearm (via bicipital aponeurosis)

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9
Q

Biceps Brachii Innervation

A
  • Musculocutaneous
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10
Q

Biceps Brachii Function

A
  • Forearm (elbow) flexion
  • Arm (shoulder) flexion
  • Supination
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11
Q

Brachialis Proximal Attachment (Origin)

A
  • Distal half of anterior humerus
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12
Q

Brachialis Distal attachment (Insertion)

A
  • Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity
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13
Q

Brachialis Innervation

A
  • Musculocutaneous nerve

- Radial nerve

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14
Q

Brachialis Function

A
  • Flexes forearm (not affected by elbow position)
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15
Q

Coracobrachialis Proximal Attachment (Origin)

A
  • Coracoid process
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16
Q

Coracobrachialis Distal Attachment (Insertion)

A
  • Middle 1/3 of medial humerus
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17
Q

Coracobrachialis Innervation

A
  • Musculocutaneous nerve

- Pierces the muscle belly

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18
Q

Coracobrachialis Function

A
  • Flexes and adducts glenohumeral joint
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19
Q

Triceps Brachii

A
  • 3 heads: long, lateral, medial
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20
Q

Long Head (Triceps Brachii) Proximal Attachment (Origin)

A
  • Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
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21
Q

Lateral Head (Triceps Brachii) Proximal Attachment (Origin)

A
  • Posterior humerus, superior to radial groove
22
Q

Medial Head (Triceps Brachii) Proximal Attachment (Origin)

A
  • Posterior humerus, inferior to radial groove
23
Q

Triceps Brachii (Long, Lateral, and Medial Head) Distal Attachment (Insertion)

A
  • Olecranon
24
Q

Triceps Brachii (Long, Lateral, and Medial Head) Innervation

A
  • Radial nerve
25
Q

Triceps Brachii (Long, Lateral, and Medial Head) Function

A
  • Extension of the forearm (elbow)

- Long head can also extend and adduct shoulder joint

26
Q

Brachial Artery Location

A
  • Continuation of axillary artery
  • Begins at inferior edge of teres major
  • Descends medial to humerus between biceps and tricep muscles
  • Medial to median nerve, orientation switches by the cubital fossa
  • Ends at its division into radial and ulnar arteries (cubital fossa)
27
Q

Brachial Artery Supplies

A
  • Arm muscles
  • Elbow
  • Humerus
28
Q

Brachial Artery Branches

A
  1. Profunda brachii
  2. Muscular branches
  3. Humeral nutrient artery
  4. Superior ulnar collateral
  5. Inferior ulnar collateral
29
Q

Profunda Brachii (Deep Artery of the Arm)

A
  • Middle collateral branch
  • Radial collateral branch
  • Allows for collateral circulation to elbow
30
Q

Humeral Nutrient Artery

A
  • Enters humerus through nutrient canal

- Supplies bone

31
Q

Superior Ulnar Collateral

A
  • Travels with ulnar nerve

- Posterior to medial epicondyle

32
Q

Inferior Ulnar Collateral

A
  • Passes anterior to medial epicondyle
33
Q

Brachial Artery at Midhumeral Level

A
  • Measure blood pressure
  • Brachial pulse
  • Compressed to control bleeding
34
Q

Musculocutaneous Nerve

A
  • Pierces coracobrachialis
  • Supplies anterior compartment and elbow joint
  • Becomes lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
35
Q

Radial Nerve

A
  • Passes through triangular hiatus to enter posterior arm
    (Supplies posterior compartment and elbow joint)
  • Pierces lateral intermuscular septum to enter anterior compartment
    (Located between brachioradialis and brachialis)
  • Passes anterior to lateral epicondyle
    (Divides into deep and superficial branches)
36
Q

Median Nerve

A
  • Lateral to brachial artery in the upper arm (becomes medial)
  • No arm branches, except to elbow joint
37
Q

Ulnar Nerve

A
  • Travels medial to brachial artery
  • Pierces medial intermuscular septum
  • Passes posterior to medial epicondyle
  • No arm branches, except to elbow joint
38
Q

Cubital Fossa

A
  • Depression in the anterior elbow region

- Injury to this area can damage brachial artery and/or median nerve

39
Q

Cubital Fossa Boundaries

A
  • Superior: line through medial and lateral epicondyles
  • Medial: pronator teres
  • Lateral: brachioradialis
  • Floor: brachialis and supinator muscles
  • Roof: fascia
40
Q

Cubital Fossa Content

A
  • Median nerve
  • Brachial artery/vein
  • Biceps brachii tendon
  • Radial and ulnar arteries /veins
  • Some sources say radial nerve
41
Q

Medial to Lateral (Cubital Fossa)

A
  • Median nerve
  • Brachial artery/veins
  • Biceps brachii tendon
42
Q

Veinpuncture (Cubital Fossa)

A
  • Veins in the cubital fossa are typically used, especially median cubital vein
  • Superficial and accessible
  • Poorly performed venipuncture can damage cubital fossa content
43
Q

Bicipital Aponeurosis

A
  • Provides some protection during veinpuncture in cubital fossa
44
Q

Mid-Humeral Shaft Fractures

A
  • Can damage deep artery of the arm and/or radial nerve
  • Can cause a wrist drop
  • Triceps (elbow extension) could be weak but should be present
45
Q

Supracondylar (Supraepicondylar) Fracture

A
  • Most common elbow fracture in pediatrics
  • Distal fragment can be pulled superiorly – limb shortening
  • Fragments can damage surrounding neurovasculature (median nerve, brachial artery)
46
Q

Fracture at Surgical Neck of Humerus Potential Damage

A
  • Axillary nerve

- Posterior circumflex humeral artery

47
Q

Fracture of Medial Epicondyle of Humerus Potential Damage

A
  • Ulnar nerve

- Ulnar collateral artery

48
Q

Mid-Shaft of Humerus Fracture Potential Damage

A
  • Radial nerve

- Profunda brachii artery

49
Q

Supracondylar Humerus Fracture Potential Damage

A
  • Brachial artery

- Median nerve

50
Q

Bicep Reflex

A
  • Deep tendon reflex
  • Upper limb is relaxed, partially extended and pronated
  • Tap finger over biceps tendon
  • Causes biceps contraction, elbow jerk-like flexion
51
Q

Bicep Reflex Evaluates

A
  • Musculocutaneous nerve

- C5,6 spinal cord segments

52
Q

Tricep Reflex Evaluates

A
  • Radial nerve

- C6,C7 spinal cord levels

Gross Anatomy (50 decks)

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