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Gross Anatomy > Upper Extremity: Arm and Cubital Fossa > Flashcards

Upper Extremity: Arm and Cubital Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

Arm

A
  • Region between shoulder to elbow joint

- 2 compartments separated by intermuscular septa

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2
Q

Anterior Compartment

A
  • Flexors of the elbow (forearm) and shoulder (arm)
  • 1 supinator
  • Innervated primarily by musculocutaneous nerve
  • Muscles
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3
Q

Anterior Compartment Muscles

A
  • Biceps brachii
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Brachialis
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4
Q

Posterior Compartment

A
  • Extensors of the elbow
  • Innervated by radial nerve
  • Muscles
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5
Q

Posterior Compartment Muscles

A
  • Triceps brachii

- Aconeus

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6
Q

Biceps Brachii

A
  • 3 joint muscle
  • 2 heads, short and long
  • No attachment to the humerus
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7
Q

Biceps Brachii Proximal Attachment (Origin)

A
  • Short head: tip of coracoid process (scapula)

- Long head: supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)

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8
Q

Biceps Brachii Distal Attachment (Insertion)

A
  • Tuberosity of radius

- Fascia of medial forearm (via bicipital aponeurosis)

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9
Q

Biceps Brachii Innervation

A
  • Musculocutaneous
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10
Q

Biceps Brachii Function

A
  • Forearm (elbow) flexion
  • Arm (shoulder) flexion
  • Supination
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11
Q

Brachialis Proximal Attachment (Origin)

A
  • Distal half of anterior humerus
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12
Q

Brachialis Distal attachment (Insertion)

A
  • Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity
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13
Q

Brachialis Innervation

A
  • Musculocutaneous nerve

- Radial nerve

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14
Q

Brachialis Function

A
  • Flexes forearm (not affected by elbow position)
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15
Q

Coracobrachialis Proximal Attachment (Origin)

A
  • Coracoid process
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16
Q

Coracobrachialis Distal Attachment (Insertion)

A
  • Middle 1/3 of medial humerus
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17
Q

Coracobrachialis Innervation

A
  • Musculocutaneous nerve

- Pierces the muscle belly

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18
Q

Coracobrachialis Function

A
  • Flexes and adducts glenohumeral joint
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19
Q

Triceps Brachii

A
  • 3 heads: long, lateral, medial
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20
Q

Long Head (Triceps Brachii) Proximal Attachment (Origin)

A
  • Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
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21
Q

Lateral Head (Triceps Brachii) Proximal Attachment (Origin)

A
  • Posterior humerus, superior to radial groove
22
Q

Medial Head (Triceps Brachii) Proximal Attachment (Origin)

A
  • Posterior humerus, inferior to radial groove
23
Q

Triceps Brachii (Long, Lateral, and Medial Head) Distal Attachment (Insertion)

24
Q

Triceps Brachii (Long, Lateral, and Medial Head) Innervation

A
  • Radial nerve
25
Triceps Brachii (Long, Lateral, and Medial Head) Function
- Extension of the forearm (elbow) | - Long head can also extend and adduct shoulder joint
26
Brachial Artery Location
- Continuation of axillary artery - Begins at inferior edge of teres major - Descends medial to humerus between biceps and tricep muscles - Medial to median nerve, orientation switches by the cubital fossa - Ends at its division into radial and ulnar arteries (cubital fossa)
27
Brachial Artery Supplies
- Arm muscles - Elbow - Humerus
28
Brachial Artery Branches
1. Profunda brachii 2. Muscular branches 3. Humeral nutrient artery 4. Superior ulnar collateral 5. Inferior ulnar collateral
29
Profunda Brachii (Deep Artery of the Arm)
- Middle collateral branch - Radial collateral branch - Allows for collateral circulation to elbow
30
Humeral Nutrient Artery
- Enters humerus through nutrient canal | - Supplies bone
31
Superior Ulnar Collateral
- Travels with ulnar nerve | - Posterior to medial epicondyle
32
Inferior Ulnar Collateral
- Passes anterior to medial epicondyle
33
Brachial Artery at Midhumeral Level
- Measure blood pressure - Brachial pulse - Compressed to control bleeding
34
Musculocutaneous Nerve
- Pierces coracobrachialis - Supplies anterior compartment and elbow joint - Becomes lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
35
Radial Nerve
- Passes through triangular hiatus to enter posterior arm (Supplies posterior compartment and elbow joint) - Pierces lateral intermuscular septum to enter anterior compartment (Located between brachioradialis and brachialis) - Passes anterior to lateral epicondyle (Divides into deep and superficial branches)
36
Median Nerve
- Lateral to brachial artery in the upper arm (becomes medial) - No arm branches, except to elbow joint
37
Ulnar Nerve
- Travels medial to brachial artery - Pierces medial intermuscular septum - Passes posterior to medial epicondyle - No arm branches, except to elbow joint
38
Cubital Fossa
- Depression in the anterior elbow region | - Injury to this area can damage brachial artery and/or median nerve
39
Cubital Fossa Boundaries
- Superior: line through medial and lateral epicondyles - Medial: pronator teres - Lateral: brachioradialis - Floor: brachialis and supinator muscles - Roof: fascia
40
Cubital Fossa Content
- Median nerve - Brachial artery/vein - Biceps brachii tendon - Radial and ulnar arteries /veins - *Some sources say radial nerve*
41
Medial to Lateral (Cubital Fossa)
- Median nerve - Brachial artery/veins - Biceps brachii tendon
42
Veinpuncture (Cubital Fossa)
- Veins in the cubital fossa are typically used, especially median cubital vein - Superficial and accessible - Poorly performed venipuncture can damage cubital fossa content
43
Bicipital Aponeurosis
- Provides some protection during veinpuncture in cubital fossa
44
Mid-Humeral Shaft Fractures
- Can damage deep artery of the arm and/or radial nerve - Can cause a wrist drop - Triceps (elbow extension) could be weak but should be present
45
Supracondylar (Supraepicondylar) Fracture
- Most common elbow fracture in pediatrics - Distal fragment can be pulled superiorly – limb shortening - Fragments can damage surrounding neurovasculature (median nerve, brachial artery)
46
Fracture at Surgical Neck of Humerus Potential Damage
- Axillary nerve | - Posterior circumflex humeral artery
47
Fracture of Medial Epicondyle of Humerus Potential Damage
- Ulnar nerve | - Ulnar collateral artery
48
Mid-Shaft of Humerus Fracture Potential Damage
- Radial nerve | - Profunda brachii artery
49
Supracondylar Humerus Fracture Potential Damage
- Brachial artery | - Median nerve
50
Bicep Reflex
- Deep tendon reflex - Upper limb is relaxed, partially extended and pronated - Tap finger over biceps tendon - Causes biceps contraction, elbow jerk-like flexion
51
Bicep Reflex Evaluates
- Musculocutaneous nerve | - C5,6 spinal cord segments
52
Tricep Reflex Evaluates
- Radial nerve | - C6,C7 spinal cord levels

Gross Anatomy (50 decks)

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