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Gross Anatomy > Head: Oral Cavity, Palate, and Tongue > Flashcards

Head: Oral Cavity, Palate, and Tongue Flashcards

1
Q

2 parts of the oral cavity

A
  • Oral cavity proper

- Oral vestibule: between teeth/gums and lips/cheek

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2
Q

Oral cavity contains

A
  • Teeth
  • Gingivae
  • Tongue
  • Palate: roof of oral cavity
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3
Q

Lips and cheeks are covered internally/externally by

A
  • Skin externally

- Mucous membrane internally

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4
Q

Lips contain

A
  • Orbicularis oris
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5
Q

Cheeks contain

A
  • Buccinators
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6
Q

Lips are

A
  • Transition between external skin and inner oral mucosa
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7
Q

Blood supply of the lips

A
  • Labial vessels
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8
Q

Cutaneous nerve supply of the lips

A
  • Upper lip is V2 (infraorbital nerve)

- Lower lip is V3 (mental nerve)

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9
Q

Blood supply of cheeks

A
  • Buccal branch of maxillary
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10
Q

Nerve supply of cheeks

A
  • Buccal nerve from V3
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11
Q

Oral surface of the cheeks contains

A
  • Buccal glands (salivary)
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12
Q

Cheeks contain buccal fat pad between

A
  • Skin and buccinators muscle
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13
Q

Palate is formed by

A
  • Hard and soft palate
  • Separates oral cavity from nasal cavity and nasopharynx
  • Roof of oral, floor of nasal
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14
Q

Hard palate (anterior 2/3)

A
  • Concave, bony skeleton
  • Palatine process of maxilla
  • Horizontal plate of palatine bone
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15
Q

Openings of the palate (3)

A
  • Incisive foramen and fossa
  • Greater palatine foramen
  • Lesser palatine foramen
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16
Q

Incisive foramen and fossa contains

A
  • Nasopalatine nerve

- Sphenopalatine artery

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17
Q

Greater palatine foramen contains

A
  • Greater palatine nerve and vessels
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18
Q

Lesser palatine foramen contains

A
  • Lesser palatine nerve and vessels
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19
Q

Soft palate (continuous with pharynx) contains/function

A
  • Aponeurosis
  • Uvula
  • Tenses and elevates during swallowing
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20
Q

Soft palate aponeurosis attaches to

A
  • Posterior hard palate
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21
Q

Uvula

A
  • Cone shaped free margin of soft palate
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22
Q

Tensing and elevating during swallowing closes the

A
  • Isthmus of pharynx
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23
Q

Continuity of soft palate with pharynx forms

A
  • Palatoglossal arches

- Palatopharyngeal arches

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24
Q

Oropharyngeal Isthmus (Isthmus of Fauces) is between

A
  • Oral cavity

- Oropharynx

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25
Q

Oropharyngeal Isthmus (Isthmus of Fauces) is bound by

A
  • Soft palate
  • Tongue
  • Pillars of the fauces (the arches)
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26
Q

Oropharyngeal Isthmus (Isthmus of Fauces) contains

A
  • Palatine salivary glands
  • Transverse palatine folds (rugae)
  • Palatine raphe
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27
Q

Palatine raphe

A
  • Site of embryonic fusion of 2 halves of the palate
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28
Q

Muscle of the soft palate functions

A
  • Elevate, depress, and tense soft palate
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29
Q

All muscles of the soft palate (except 1) are innervated by

A
  • Vagus nerve (via pharyngeal plexus)
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30
Q

Tensor veli palatini extends from

A
  • Scaphoid fossa and pharyngotympanic tube cartilage

- To palatine aponeurosis

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31
Q

Tensor veli palatini innervation

A
  • Mandibular nerve
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32
Q

Tensor veli palatini function

A
  • Tenses soft palate

- Opens Eustachian tube

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33
Q

Levator veli palatini extends from

A
  • Cartilage of pharyngotympanic and temporal bone (petrous bone)
  • Topalatine aponeurosis
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34
Q

Levator veli palatini function

A
  • Elevates soft palate
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35
Q

Palatoglossus function

A
  • Elevates posterior tongue

- Depresses soft palate

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36
Q

Palatopharyngeus function

A
  • Elevates pharynx

- Tenses and depresses palate

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37
Q

Musculus uvulae function

A
  • Shortens and elevates uvula
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38
Q

Blood supply of the palate (4)

A
  • Maxillary artery
  • Descending palatine artery
  • Lesser/greater palatine artery
  • Sphenopalatine artery
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39
Q

Descending palatine artery passes through

A
  • Greater palatine canal
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40
Q

Nerve supply of the palate

A
  • Nasopalatine nerve

- Greater/lesser palatine nerves

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41
Q

General sensory of the palate provided by

A
  • Branches of maxillary nerve (V2)
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42
Q

Nasopalatine nerve enters the nasal cavity by passing through the

A
  • Sphenopalatine foramen
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43
Q

Nasopalatine nerve enters cavity and travels along

A
  • Travels along nasal septum

- Passes through incisive canal

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44
Q

Nasopalatine nerve exits cavity through

A
  • Exits incisive canal through incisive foramen

- Inferior aspect of palate

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45
Q

Greater and lesser palatine nerves pathway

A
  • Greater palatine canal

- Pass through greater/lesser palatine foramina to palate

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46
Q

Taste and parasympathetic to palatine glands

A
  • Facial nerve

- Follow trigeminal branches

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47
Q

Tongue is a muscular organ involved in

A
  • Speech
  • Chewing
  • Swallowing
  • Sensation
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48
Q

Root of the tongue is the inferior/posterior portion attached to

A
  • Mandible
  • Hyoid bone
  • Tongue muscles
49
Q

Body of the tongue

A
  • Anterior 2/3
50
Q

Apex of the tongue

A
  • Tip of the tongue
51
Q

Dorsum of the tongue

A
  • Superior surface
  • Terminal sulcus
  • Foramen cecum
52
Q

Terminal sulcus of dorsum of tongue separates

A
  • Anterior 2/3 (oral or presulcal part) from posterior 1/3 (pharyngeal or postsulcal part)
53
Q

Lingual papillae location

A
  • Dorsal anterior 2/3 of tongue
54
Q

Types of lingual papillae

A
  • Vallate
  • Foliate
  • Fungiform
  • Filiform
55
Q

Vallate papillae

A
  • Anterior to terminal sulcus

- Contain taste buds

56
Q

Foliate papillae

A
  • Post/lateral tongue

- Contain taste buds

57
Q

Fungiform papillae

A
  • Found on dorsum (most numerous at apex)

- Contain taste buds

58
Q

Filiform papillae

A
  • Numerous
  • Mechanical/sensory function
  • No taste buds
59
Q

Posterior 1/3 of tongue

A
  • Anterior wall of oropharynx
  • No lingual papillae, does have taste buds
  • Lingual tonsil
60
Q

Tongue muscles function

A
  • Do not act in isolation
  • Lingual septum separates halves
  • Extrinsic muscles
  • Intrinsic muscles
61
Q

Extrinsic tongue muscles

A
  • Position the tongue
  • Alter shape
  • Originate outside of the tongue
62
Q

Intrinsic tongue muscles

A
  • Alter the shape

- Originate within the tongue

63
Q

Muscles of the tongue

A
  • Genioglossus
  • Hyoglossus
  • Styloglossus
  • Palatoglossus
64
Q

Genioglossus attachments

A
  • Superior mental spine to tongue (also hyoid bone)
65
Q

Genioglossus functions

A
  • Proturudes
  • Depresses central portion
  • Lateral deviation
66
Q

Hyoglossus attachments

A
  • Body of tongue

- Greater horn of hyoid to lateral tongue

67
Q

Hyoglossus functions

A
  • Depresses sides

- Retracts tongue

68
Q

Styloglossus attachments

A
  • Styloid process to sides of posterior tongue
69
Q

Styloglossus functions

A
  • Retracts and elevates sides
70
Q

Palatoglossus attachments

A
  • Palatine aponeurosis to posterolateral tongue
71
Q

Palatoglossus functions

A
  • Elevates posterior tongue

- Depresses soft palate

72
Q

Motor innervation to tongue

A
  • Palatoglossus innervated by vagus (pharyngeal plexus)

- All the rest innervated by hypoglossal nerve

73
Q

Damage to hypoglossal nerve (trauma, malignancy) causes

A
  • Paralysis and eventual atrophy
74
Q

Nerve injury causes

A
  • Tongue deviation to the paralyzed side during tongue protrusion
75
Q

Anterior 2/3 tongue sensory innervation

A
  • General sensation: CN V3, lingual nerve

- Special sensation (taste): CN VII, chorda tympani

76
Q

Posterior 1/3 including vallate papilla

A
  • General and special sensation: CN IX
77
Q

Vagus can supply some taste and general sensation to

A
  • Posterior tongue and epiglottis
78
Q

Arterial supply to tongue

A
  • Lingual artery
  • Branch from ECA
  • Passes deep to hyoglossus (medial to hyoglossus)
79
Q

Branches from lingual artery

A
  • Dorsal lingual
  • Deep lingual
  • Sublingual
80
Q

Dorsal lingual supplies

A
  • Root
81
Q

Deep lingual supplies

A
  • Body
82
Q

Sublingual supplies

A
  • Mouth floor

- Sublingual glands

83
Q

Venous supply of tongue

A
  • Deep Lingual
  • Sublingual
  • Dorsal Lingual
84
Q

All tongue veins drain directly to

A
  • IJV directly or to lingual vein
85
Q

Sublingual drug administration

A
  • Direct, quick absorption
  • Excellent venous drainage
  • Bypasses GI tract and liver
86
Q

All lymph from tongue eventually reaches

A
  • Deep cervical nodes
87
Q

Root of tongue lymph drainage

A
  • Superior deep cervical nodes bilaterally
88
Q

Medial body of tongue lymph drainage

A
  • Inferior deep cervical nodes bilaterally
89
Q

Lateral body of tongue lymph drainage

A
  • Ipsilateral submandibular nodes
90
Q

Apex and frenulum of tongue lymph drainage

A
  • Submental nodes
91
Q

Salivary glands

A
  • Moisten mouth

- Beginning of digestion

92
Q

Glands of the tongue

A
  • Salivary
  • Parotid
  • Submandibular
  • Sublingual
93
Q

Submandibular gland

A
  • Superficial and deep parts
94
Q

Submandibular duct (Whartons duct)

A
  • Passes between mylohyoid and hyoglossus
  • Lingual nerve is lateral, then loops beneath the duct (lateral, inferior, medial)
  • Runs along floor of mouth to sublingual caruncle near frenulum
95
Q

Sublingual glands

A
  • Located floor of the mouth between mandible and genioglossus
  • Multiple duct openings
96
Q

Sublingual gland arterial supply

A
  • Sublingual

- Submental

97
Q

Sublingual gland innervation

A
  • CN VII (secretomotor)
98
Q

Submandibular gland arterial supply

A
  • Submental (facial)
99
Q

Submandibular gland innervation

A
  • CN VII (secretomotor)
100
Q

Minor salivary glands

A
  • Buccal
  • Palatal
  • Labial
101
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to submandibular and sublingual glands presynaptics

A
  • Originate in pons
102
Q

Pathway of parasympathetics to submandibular/sublingual glands

A
  • Presynaptics originate in pons
  • Travel in facial nerve (nervus intermedius)
  • Follow chorda tympani into infratemporal fossa
  • Chorda tympani joins with lingual nerve (V3)
  • Presynaptics synapse in submandibular ganglion
  • Postsynaptics innervate submandibular gland
  • Some jump back on lingual to innervate sublingual gland
103
Q

Presynaptics from pons travel in

A
  • Facial nerve (nervus intermedius)
104
Q

From the facial nerve, nerves follow

A
  • Chorda tympani into infratemporal fossa
105
Q

Chorda tympani joins with

A
  • Lingual nerve (V3)
106
Q

Presynaptics synapse in

A
  • Submandibular ganglion
107
Q

Postsynaptics innervate

A
  • Submandibular gland

- Some jump back on lingual

108
Q

Nerves that jump back onto lingual innervate

A
  • Sublingual gland
109
Q

Sympathetics of glands

A
  • Postsynaptic nerve fibers from superior cervical ganglia

- Travel in periarterial plexus along ECA –> facial and lingual arteries to reach the gland

110
Q

Taste pathway (anterior 2/3 of tongue)

A
  • Tongue
  • Lingual
  • Chorda tympani
  • Nervus intermedius
  • Brainstem
111
Q

submandibular ganglion is NOT involved in

A
  • Tase
112
Q

Geniculate ganglion contains

A
  • Cell bodies for CN VII neurons for taste and sensation
113
Q

Chorda tympani contains

A
  • Presynaptic parasympathetics

- Taste afferents

114
Q

Lingual nerve before chorda tympani joins

A
  • General somatic afferents from oral cavity (including anterior 2/3 of tongue)
115
Q

Lingual nerve BEFORE submandibular ganglion, after chorda tympani joins

A
  • Presynaptic parasympathetics
  • Taste afferents
  • General sensory (touch, pain), V3
116
Q

Lingual nerve AFTER submandibular ganglion, after chorda tympani

A
  • Postsynaptic parasympathetics to sublingual gland
  • Taste afferents
  • General sensory (touch, pain), V3
117
Q

Lingual and hypoglossal nerves pass

A
  • Lateral to the hyoglossus muscle
118
Q

Lingual artery passes

A
  • Medial

Gross Anatomy (50 decks)

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