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Gross Anatomy > Abdomen: Peritoneum and Peritoneal Cavity > Flashcards

Abdomen: Peritoneum and Peritoneal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Peritoneum

A
  • Serosal membrane
  • Lined by mesothelium
  • 2 layers
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2
Q

2 layers of the peritoneum

A
  • Parietal

- Visceral

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3
Q

Parietal layer of peritoneum

A
  • Lines abdominopelvic wall

- Same blood, lymphatic, nerve supply as the wall

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4
Q

Nervous innervation of parietal peritoneum

A
  • Somatic innervation

- Sensitive to pain, pressure, touch; well-localized

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5
Q

Visceral layer of peritoneum

A
  • Invest organs

- Same blood, lymphatic, nerve supply as the viscera it covers

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6
Q

Nervous innervation of visceral periotneum

A
  • Visceral sensory (travel with autonomics)
  • Insensitive to pressure, touch, heat/cold
  • Sensitive to chemical irritants, stretching (pain poorly localized and referred)
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7
Q

Visceral sensory innervation is insensitive to

A
  • Pressure
  • Touch
  • Heat/cold
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8
Q

Visceral sensory innervation is sensitive to

A
  • Chemical irritants

- Stretching (pain poorly localized and referred)

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9
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A
  • Potential space between layers of peritoneum

- Contains fluid to lubricate and decrease friction

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10
Q

Peritoneal cavity in males vs. females

A
  • Closed sac in males

- Open to outside in females

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11
Q

Female peritoneal cavity

A
  • Uterine tubes open into peritoneal cavity

- Uterine tube > uterus > vagina > outside

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12
Q

Ascites

A
  • Fluid in peritoneal cavity

- Removed by abdominal paracentesis

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13
Q

Peritonitis

A
  • Inflammation of the peritoneal cavity
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14
Q

Intraperitoneal viscera (organs)

A
  • Viscera that are almost completely covered in peritoneum
  • The viscera invaginate (dangle, protrude) into the peritoneal cavity
  • Intraperitoneal does NOT mean inside the peritoneal cavity
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15
Q

Bare areas of intraperitoneal viscera

A
  • Where peritoneum reflects off the organ
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16
Q

Examples of itraperitoneal viscera (organs)

A
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Spleen
  • Small intestines
  • Sigmoid and transverse colon
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17
Q

Retroperitoneal, subperitoneal viscera

A
  • Partially covered by peritoneum (usually one surface)

- Do not invaginate into the peritoneal cavity

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18
Q

Examples of retroperitoneal, subperitoneal viscera

A
  • Suprarenal (adrenal) glands
  • Aorta/IVC
  • Duodendum (except 1st part)
  • Pancreas (except tail)
  • Ureters
  • Colon (ascending, descending)
  • Kidneys
  • Esophagus
  • Rectum
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19
Q

Examples of secondarily retroperitoneal viscera

A
  • Duodenum
  • Pancreas
  • Ascending and descending colon
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20
Q

Peritoneal reflections

A
  • Structures formed by peritoneum

- Most are double layers of peritoneum

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21
Q

Function of peritoneal reflections

A
  • Provide support
  • Allow for the passage of neurovasculature
  • Contain fat
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22
Q

Types of peritoneal reflections

A
  • Mesenteries
  • Omenta
  • Peritoneal Ligaments
  • Peritoneal Folds and Fossae
23
Q

Mesenteries

A
  • Double layer of visceral peritoneum

- Connects intraperitoneal organ to abdominal wall

24
Q

Omenta

A
  • Attaches to stomach
25
Peritoneal Ligaments
- Connect organ to organ or abdominal wall
26
Messentery examples
- Small intestine mesentery (true mesentery) - Sigmoid mesocolon - Transverse mesocolon
27
Peritoneal ligament examples
- Falciform ligament - Hepatogastric ligament - Hepatoduodenal ligament - Gastrophrenic, gastrosplenic, and gastrocolic ligaments - Coronary and triangular ligaments
28
Falciform ligament
- Connects liver to diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall
29
Coronary and triangular ligaments
- Anchor liver to diaphragm
30
Peritoneal fold
- Reflection caused by an underlying structure | - Umbilical folds (covered previously)
31
Greater omentum
- Hangs down from greater curvature | - Helps isolate infection, immune function
32
Greater omentum attaches to
- Transverse mesocolon | - Posterior abdominal wall
33
Ligaments in the greater omentum
- Gastrocolic - Gastrosplenic - Gastrophrenic
34
Lesser omentum lies between
- Liver | - Stomach/duodenum
35
Ligaments in the lesser omentum
- Hepatogastric - Hepatoduodenal - Portal triad runs in the heapatoduodenal
36
Greater sac of peritoneal cavity extends
- From diaphragm to pelvic floor
37
Transverse colon/mesocolon divides the greater sac into
- Supracolic compartment | - Infracolic compartment
38
Mesentery of small intestines divides infracolic compartment into
- Left and right infracolic compartment
39
Suracolic/infracolic compartments may communicate with each other via
- Paracolic gutters | - Spread of infection, flow of fluid, metastasis
40
Lesser sac (omental bursa) is located
- Posterior to stomach and lesser omentum
41
Omental (epiploic) foramen
- Allow lesser sac (omental bursa) to communicate with greater sac - Superior recess - Inferior recess (usually not present in adult)
42
Lesser sac (omental bursa) contains
- Superior recess | - Inferior recess (usually not present in adult)
43
Omental foramen boundaries
- Anterior: hepatoduodenal ligament (portal triad) - Posterior: IVC and right crus (retroperitoneal) - Superior: liver (caudate lobe) - Inferior: 1st part of duodenum
44
Omental foramen ANTERIOR boundary
- Hepatoduodenal ligament (portal triad)
45
Omental foramen POSTERIOR boundary
- IVC and right crus (retroperitoneal)
46
Omental foramen SUPERIOR boundary
- Liver (caudate lobe)
47
Omental foramen INFERIOR boundary
- 1st part of duodenum
48
Hepatorenal recess (Morrison’s pouch)
- Potential space between right lobe of liver and right kidney - Posterior right subhepatic space
49
Hepatorenal recess (Morrison’s pouch) location importance
- Lowest part of peritoneal cavity when supine - Pus/fluid accumulation may occur - Site for metastasis and abscess formation
50
Lowest part of the peritoneal cavity in the upright position
- Peritoneal pouches in the pelvis are the lowest | - Peritoneum reflects over pelvic viscera
51
Lowest part of the peritoneal cavity in the supine position
- Hepatorenal recess (Morrison’s pouch)
52
When peritoneum reflects over pelvic viscera (upright position) in males vs. females
- Rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas) is lowest in females - Rectovesical pouch is lowest in males - Females also have a vesicouterine pouch
53
Fluid, infection, etc. flows more easily on the right through
- Deeper right paracolic gutter

Gross Anatomy (50 decks)

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