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Gross Anatomy > Abdomen: Peritoneum and Peritoneal Cavity > Flashcards

Abdomen: Peritoneum and Peritoneal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Peritoneum

A
  • Serosal membrane
  • Lined by mesothelium
  • 2 layers
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2
Q

2 layers of the peritoneum

A
  • Parietal

- Visceral

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3
Q

Parietal layer of peritoneum

A
  • Lines abdominopelvic wall

- Same blood, lymphatic, nerve supply as the wall

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4
Q

Nervous innervation of parietal peritoneum

A
  • Somatic innervation

- Sensitive to pain, pressure, touch; well-localized

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5
Q

Visceral layer of peritoneum

A
  • Invest organs

- Same blood, lymphatic, nerve supply as the viscera it covers

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6
Q

Nervous innervation of visceral periotneum

A
  • Visceral sensory (travel with autonomics)
  • Insensitive to pressure, touch, heat/cold
  • Sensitive to chemical irritants, stretching (pain poorly localized and referred)
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7
Q

Visceral sensory innervation is insensitive to

A
  • Pressure
  • Touch
  • Heat/cold
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8
Q

Visceral sensory innervation is sensitive to

A
  • Chemical irritants

- Stretching (pain poorly localized and referred)

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9
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A
  • Potential space between layers of peritoneum

- Contains fluid to lubricate and decrease friction

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10
Q

Peritoneal cavity in males vs. females

A
  • Closed sac in males

- Open to outside in females

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11
Q

Female peritoneal cavity

A
  • Uterine tubes open into peritoneal cavity

- Uterine tube > uterus > vagina > outside

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12
Q

Ascites

A
  • Fluid in peritoneal cavity

- Removed by abdominal paracentesis

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13
Q

Peritonitis

A
  • Inflammation of the peritoneal cavity
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14
Q

Intraperitoneal viscera (organs)

A
  • Viscera that are almost completely covered in peritoneum
  • The viscera invaginate (dangle, protrude) into the peritoneal cavity
  • Intraperitoneal does NOT mean inside the peritoneal cavity
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15
Q

Bare areas of intraperitoneal viscera

A
  • Where peritoneum reflects off the organ
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16
Q

Examples of itraperitoneal viscera (organs)

A
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Spleen
  • Small intestines
  • Sigmoid and transverse colon
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17
Q

Retroperitoneal, subperitoneal viscera

A
  • Partially covered by peritoneum (usually one surface)

- Do not invaginate into the peritoneal cavity

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18
Q

Examples of retroperitoneal, subperitoneal viscera

A
  • Suprarenal (adrenal) glands
  • Aorta/IVC
  • Duodendum (except 1st part)
  • Pancreas (except tail)
  • Ureters
  • Colon (ascending, descending)
  • Kidneys
  • Esophagus
  • Rectum
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19
Q

Examples of secondarily retroperitoneal viscera

A
  • Duodenum
  • Pancreas
  • Ascending and descending colon
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20
Q

Peritoneal reflections

A
  • Structures formed by peritoneum

- Most are double layers of peritoneum

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21
Q

Function of peritoneal reflections

A
  • Provide support
  • Allow for the passage of neurovasculature
  • Contain fat
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22
Q

Types of peritoneal reflections

A
  • Mesenteries
  • Omenta
  • Peritoneal Ligaments
  • Peritoneal Folds and Fossae
23
Q

Mesenteries

A
  • Double layer of visceral peritoneum

- Connects intraperitoneal organ to abdominal wall

24
Q

Omenta

A
  • Attaches to stomach
25
Q

Peritoneal Ligaments

A
  • Connect organ to organ or abdominal wall
26
Q

Messentery examples

A
  • Small intestine mesentery (true mesentery)
  • Sigmoid mesocolon
  • Transverse mesocolon
27
Q

Peritoneal ligament examples

A
  • Falciform ligament
  • Hepatogastric ligament
  • Hepatoduodenal ligament
  • Gastrophrenic, gastrosplenic, and gastrocolic ligaments
  • Coronary and triangular ligaments
28
Q

Falciform ligament

A
  • Connects liver to diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall
29
Q

Coronary and triangular ligaments

A
  • Anchor liver to diaphragm
30
Q

Peritoneal fold

A
  • Reflection caused by an underlying structure

- Umbilical folds (covered previously)

31
Q

Greater omentum

A
  • Hangs down from greater curvature

- Helps isolate infection, immune function

32
Q

Greater omentum attaches to

A
  • Transverse mesocolon

- Posterior abdominal wall

33
Q

Ligaments in the greater omentum

A
  • Gastrocolic
  • Gastrosplenic
  • Gastrophrenic
34
Q

Lesser omentum lies between

A
  • Liver

- Stomach/duodenum

35
Q

Ligaments in the lesser omentum

A
  • Hepatogastric
  • Hepatoduodenal
  • Portal triad runs in the heapatoduodenal
36
Q

Greater sac of peritoneal cavity extends

A
  • From diaphragm to pelvic floor
37
Q

Transverse colon/mesocolon divides the greater sac into

A
  • Supracolic compartment

- Infracolic compartment

38
Q

Mesentery of small intestines divides infracolic compartment into

A
  • Left and right infracolic compartment
39
Q

Suracolic/infracolic compartments may communicate with each other via

A
  • Paracolic gutters

- Spread of infection, flow of fluid, metastasis

40
Q

Lesser sac (omental bursa) is located

A
  • Posterior to stomach and lesser omentum
41
Q

Omental (epiploic) foramen

A
  • Allow lesser sac (omental bursa) to communicate with greater sac
  • Superior recess
  • Inferior recess (usually not present in adult)
42
Q

Lesser sac (omental bursa) contains

A
  • Superior recess

- Inferior recess (usually not present in adult)

43
Q

Omental foramen boundaries

A
  • Anterior: hepatoduodenal ligament (portal triad)
  • Posterior: IVC and right crus (retroperitoneal)
  • Superior: liver (caudate lobe)
  • Inferior: 1st part of duodenum
44
Q

Omental foramen ANTERIOR boundary

A
  • Hepatoduodenal ligament (portal triad)
45
Q

Omental foramen POSTERIOR boundary

A
  • IVC and right crus (retroperitoneal)
46
Q

Omental foramen SUPERIOR boundary

A
  • Liver (caudate lobe)
47
Q

Omental foramen INFERIOR boundary

A
  • 1st part of duodenum
48
Q

Hepatorenal recess (Morrison’s pouch)

A
  • Potential space between right lobe of liver and right kidney
  • Posterior right subhepatic space
49
Q

Hepatorenal recess (Morrison’s pouch) location importance

A
  • Lowest part of peritoneal cavity when supine
  • Pus/fluid accumulation may occur
  • Site for metastasis and abscess formation
50
Q

Lowest part of the peritoneal cavity in the upright position

A
  • Peritoneal pouches in the pelvis are the lowest

- Peritoneum reflects over pelvic viscera

51
Q

Lowest part of the peritoneal cavity in the supine position

A
  • Hepatorenal recess (Morrison’s pouch)
52
Q

When peritoneum reflects over pelvic viscera (upright position) in males vs. females

A
  • Rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas) is lowest in females
  • Rectovesical pouch is lowest in males
  • Females also have a vesicouterine pouch
53
Q

Fluid, infection, etc. flows more easily on the right through

A
  • Deeper right paracolic gutter

Gross Anatomy (50 decks)

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