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Gross Anatomy > Head: Orbit > Flashcards

Head: Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

Bones of the BASE of the Orbit

A
  • Orbital margin (orbital opening)
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2
Q

Bones of the APEX of the Orbit

A
  • At the optic canal (lesser wing of sphenoid)
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3
Q

Bones of the SUPERIOR part of the Orbit

A
  • Orbital part of frontal bone
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4
Q

MEDIAL bones of the Orbit

A
  • Orbital plate of ethmoid
  • Lacrimal
  • Frontal process of maxilla
  • Lacrimal groove
  • Fossa
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5
Q

INFERIOR bones of the Orbit

A
  • Zygomatic

- Maxilla

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6
Q

LATERAL bones of the Orbit

A
  • Frontal process of zygomatic bone

- Greater wing of sphenoid

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7
Q

Preorbita

A
  • Periosteum that lines the orbit
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8
Q

Orbit and Orbital region content

A
  • Obicularis oculi
  • Eyelids
  • Lacrimal apparatus
  • Eyeball
  • Extraocular muscles and their innervation
  • Optic nerve
  • Ophthalmic nerve (V1) branches
  • Opthlamic veins
  • Ciliary ganglion
  • Retrobulbar fat
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9
Q

Eyelids (protect the eye)

A
  • Skin on the outside

- Conjunctiva lines the inside

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10
Q

Content of the eyelids

A
  • Orbicularis oculi, palpebral part (CN VII)

- Tarsal plate (tarsus)

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11
Q

Eyelid is the insertion of

A
  • Levator palpebrae superioris (CN III innervation)

- Superior tarsal muscle (sympathetic innervation) onto the upper eyelid

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12
Q

A ptosis can result from

A
  • Lesion of oculomotor nerve or sympathetics to the head
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13
Q

Cornea

A
  • Transparent layer that covers iris and pupil
  • Avascular
  • Continuous with sclera (white of the eye)
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14
Q

Corneal reflex

A
  • Touching elicits blink response
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15
Q

Sensory innervation of upper eyelid and cornea

A
  • Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
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16
Q

Iris

A
  • Colored diaphragm

- Surrounds pupil

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17
Q

Orbital Septum

A
  • Membranous sheet
  • Attaches to orbital rim
  • Separates orbit from periorbital region
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18
Q

Lacrimal gland

A
  • Produces tears that are secreted through the lacrimal ducts
  • Tears wash across eye and drain into the nasolacrimal duct
  • Empties into inferior nasal meatus in the nasal cavity
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19
Q

Presynaptic parasympathetics of the Lacrimal gland originate

A
  • In the pons
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20
Q

Presynaptic parasympathetics originate in the pons travel in

A
  • Facial nerve (nervus intermedius)
  • Through pterygoid canal
  • Zygomatic and lacrimal nerves
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21
Q

Presynaptic parasympatehtics traveling in Facial nerve

A
  • Greater petrosal nerve

- Greater petrosal joins deep petrosal forming nerve of pterygoid canal

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22
Q

Presynaptic parasympathetics traveling through Pterygoid canal

A
  • Enter pterygopalatine fossa

- Synapse on postsynaptics in pterygopalatine ganglion

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23
Q

Presynaptic parasympathetics traveling in Zygomatic and Lacrimal nerves

A
  • Synapse on the lacrimal gland
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24
Q

Sympathetic innervation of Lacrimal gland

A
  • Travel in ICA periarterial plexus
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25
Q

Postysynaptic sympathetics of Lacrimal gland originate

A
  • Originate in superior cervical ganglion
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26
Q

Deep Petrosal nerve (Lacrimal sympathetics) is derived from

A
  • The ICA periarterial plexus

- Joins greater petrosal nerve to form nerve to pterygoid canal

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27
Q

Extra-Ocular muscles

A
  • Muscles that move the eyeballs and eyelids
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28
Q

Superior Oblique innervation

A
  • Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
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29
Q

Lateral Rectus innervation

A
  • Abducens nerve (CN VI)
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30
Q

Extra-Ocular muscles innervated by oculomotor nerve (CN III)

A
  • Inferior rectus
  • Medial rectus
  • Inferior oblique
  • Superior rectus
  • Levator palpebrae superioris
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31
Q

The 4 recti muscles originate from

A
  • The common tendinous ring
32
Q

Common Tendinous Ring

A
  • Surrounds optic canal

- Portion of superior orbital fissure

33
Q

Superior Oblique origin

A
  • Sphenoid bone separate from ring
34
Q

Superior Oblique pathway

A
  • Passes through trochlea

- Redirects line of pull

35
Q

Inferior oblique origin

A
  • Anterior medial wall of orbit
36
Q

Superior/Inferior oblique insertion

A
  • Sclera
37
Q

Muscle action based on primary position

A
  • Based on muscle location and line of pull

- Angled line of pull in the primary position, more than one function

38
Q

Vertical axis eye movements

A
  • Abduction

- Adduction

39
Q

Transverse axis eye movements

A
  • Elevation

- Depression

40
Q

Anterior/Posterior axis eye movements

A
  • Intorsion

- Extorsion

41
Q

Lateral Rectus function from primary position

A
  • Abduction
42
Q

Medial Rectus function from primary position

A
  • Adduction
43
Q

Superior Rectus function from primary position

A
  • Elevates
  • Adducts
  • Intorsion
44
Q

Inferior Rectus function from primary position

A
  • Depresses
  • Adducts
  • Extorsion
45
Q

Superior Oblique function from primary position

A
  • Intorsion
  • Depresses
  • Abducts
46
Q

Inferior Oblique function from primary position

A
  • Extorsion
  • Elevates
  • Abducts
47
Q

Eye muscles have

A
  • Resting tone
48
Q

Muscle activity depends

A
  • Eye position
49
Q

Muscles work

A
  • Synergistically with each other
50
Q

Pure depression from primary position involves

A
  • Inferior Rectus

- Superior Oblique

51
Q

Coordination of both eyes requires

A
  • The yoking of muscle actions
52
Q

Eye position determines

A
  • The primary muscle involved in producing a specific movement
53
Q

Clinical use of eye position

A
  • The eye is positioned so that one muscle dominates action
54
Q

Superior Rectus and Inferior Rectus in the abducted position

A
  • Superior rectus: elevation

- Inferior rectus: depression

55
Q

Superior Oblique and Inferior Oblique in the adducted position

A
  • Superior oblique: depression

- Inferior oblique: elevation

56
Q

Oculomotor Nerve Palsy symptoms

A
  • Ptosis

- Down and out pupil

57
Q

Abducens Nerve Palsy symptoms

A
  • Loss of abduction

- Medial deviation of eye

58
Q

Trochlear Nerve Palsy symptoms

A
  • Loss of depression while eye is adducted

- Head tilt

59
Q

Branches of Ophthalmic Nerve (V1) in the orbit

A
  • Frontal
  • Lacrimal
  • Nasociliary
60
Q

Frontal Nerve branches of the Ophthalmic Nerve

A
  • Supraorbital

- Supratrochlear

61
Q

Nasociliary Nerve branches of the Ophthalmic Nerve

A
  • Posterior ethmoidal
  • Anterior ethmoidal
  • Infratrochlear
  • Long ciliary
  • Sensory root to ciliary ganglia
62
Q

Nerves in the Orbit

A
  • Branches of Ophthalmic Nerve (V1)
  • Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
  • Optic nerve
  • Abducens nerve (CN VI)
  • Occulomotor nerve
  • Zygomatic nerve (branch of V2)
63
Q

Sensory root to ciliary ganglia

A
  • Short ciliary connect ciliary ganglia to eyeball
64
Q

Occulomotor Nerve divisions

A
  • Superior division: SR, LP

- Inferior division: MR, IR, IO, presynaptic parasympathetic neurons

65
Q

Superior division of Occulomotor nerve innervates

A
  • Superior rectus

- Levator palpebrae

66
Q

Inferior division of Occulomotor nerve innervates

A
  • Medial rectus
  • Inferior rectus
  • Inferior oblique
  • Presynaptic parasympathetic neruons
67
Q

Ciliary ganglion

A
  • Cell bodies of postsynaptic parasympathetic neurons to the inner eye
  • Sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers pass through the ciliary ganglion
68
Q

Only parasympathetic fibers synapse in the ciliary ganglion…

A
  • Sensory and sympathetic fibers are just passing through
69
Q

Parasympathetic to Intrinsic Eye Muscles

A
  • Iris (pupil constriction)

- Ciliary muscle (increase lens convexity, near vision)

70
Q

Pathway of Parasympathetic to Intrinsic Eye Muscles

A
  • Pre-synaptic neurons travel in oculomotor nerve
  • Synapse in ciliary ganglion
  • Postsynaptics travel in short ciliary nerve to inner eye
71
Q

Sympathetic to Intrinsic Eye Muscles

A
  • Iris (pupil dilation)

- Ciliary muscle (decrease lens convexity, distant vision)

72
Q

Pathway of Sympathetic to Intrinsic Eye Muscles

A
  • Postsynaptics from superior cervical ganglion travel in IC perarterial plexus
  • Pass through ciliary ganglion/short ciliary nerves and long ciliary nerve to inner eye
73
Q

Ophthalmic Artery is a branch of

A
  • Internal carotid artery
74
Q

Branches of the Ophthalmic Artery

A
  • Central retinal
  • Lacrimal
  • Posterior ciliary
  • Muscular branches
  • Supraorbital
  • Anterior ethmoidal
  • Posterior ethmoidal
  • Supratrochlear
  • Dorsal nasal
75
Q

Veins of the Orbit

A
  • Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins

Gross Anatomy (50 decks)

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