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Gross Anatomy > Back: Superficial and Deep Muscles > Flashcards

Back: Superficial and Deep Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial Back Muscles

A
  • Posterior axio-appendicular muscles

- Innervated by anterior (ventral) rami

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2
Q

Intrinsic (Deep) Back Muscles

A
  • Attach along axial skeleton
  • Innervated by dorsal rami
  • Movement and control of vertebral column and skull
  • Multiple layers
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3
Q

Posterior Axio-appendicular Muscles (Superficial)

A
  • Trapezius
  • Latissimus Dorsi
  • Levator scapulae (deep to traps/lats)
  • Rhomboid major and minor (deep to traps/lats)
  • Serratus posterior (deep to traps/lats)
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4
Q

Trapezius Muscle Parts

A
  • Superior (descending): elevation, rotation
  • Middle: retraction
  • Inferior (ascending): depression, rotation
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5
Q

Trapezius Proximal Attachment (Origin)

A
  • Medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line
  • EOP
  • Nuchal ligament
  • SPs of C7-T12
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6
Q

Trapezius Distal Attachment (Insertion)

A
  • lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and scapular spine
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7
Q

Trapezius Innervation

A
  • Spinal accessory nerve (motor)

- C3,4 spinal nerves (pain and proprioception)

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8
Q

Trapezius Weakness or CN XI Injury

A
  • Weakness in shrugging, impaired abduction/arm elevation, shoulder drooping
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9
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A
  • Expansive muscle

- Forms posterior axillary fold

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10
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Proximal Attachment (Origin)

A
  • SPs of T7-L5
  • Thoracolumbar fascia
  • Iliac crest
  • Inferior 3 or 4 ribs
  • Inferior angle of the scapula
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11
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Distal Attachment (Insertion)

A
  • Humerus (floor of intertubercular sulcus)
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12
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Innervation

A
  • Thoracodorsal nerve
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13
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Function

A
  • Extends, adducts, medial rotation of humerus

- Pull-up type motions

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14
Q

Triangle of Auscultation

A
  • Trapezius
  • Latissimus Dorsi
  • Medial border of scapulae
  • (Borders of the three)
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15
Q

Levator Scapulae Proximal Attachment (Origin)

A
  • Posterior tubercles of C1-4 TPs
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16
Q

Rhomboids (Minor and Major) Proximal Attachment (Origin)

A
  • Nuchal ligament, C7 – T5 SPs
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17
Q

Rhomboid Minor, Rhomboid Major, and Levator Scapulae Distal Attachment (Insertion)

A
  • Medial scapular border
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18
Q

Rhomboid Minor, Rhomboid Major, and Levator Scapulae Innervation

A
  • Dorsal scapular nerve (C4,5) – motor

- C3,4: proprioception

19
Q

Rhomboid Minor, Rhomboid Major, and Levator Scapulae Function

A
  • Elevate and rotate scapula (glenoid rotates inferiorly)

- Retract scapula

20
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior

A
  • Covered by rhomboids
  • Spinous processes of C7 – T3 and ligamentum nuchae
  • Inserts rib 2-5
21
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior

A
  • Covered by latissimus dorsi
  • Origin: SPs of T11-L2
  • Inserts: lower 4 ribs
22
Q

Deep Back Muscles (Intrinsic Back Muscles)

A
  • Supplied by dorsal primary rami
  • Extend from pelvis to cranium
  • Enclosed by thoracolumbar fascia
23
Q

Layers of Deep Back Muscles

A
  • Superficial
  • Intermediate
  • Deep
24
Q

Superficial Intrinsic (Deep) Back Muscles

A
  • Splenius capitis

- Splenius cervicis

25
Q

Intermediate Intrinsic (Deep) Back Muscles

A
  • Erector Spinae (Sacrospinalis)

- Named by location/attachment

26
Q

Deep Intrinsic (Deep) Back Muscles

A
  • Semispinali
  • Multifidus
  • Rotatores
    (Transversospinalis)
  • Interspinalis
  • Intertransversarii
  • Levatores costarum
    (Interspinalis)
27
Q

Erector Spinae Muscles

A
  • Iliocostalis
  • Longissimus
  • Spinalis
28
Q

Splenius Capitis and Splenius Cervicis Proximal Attachment (Origin)

A
  • Ligamentum nuchae and SPs of C7 – T6
29
Q

Splenius Capitis and Splenius Cervicis Distal Attachment (Insertion)

A
  • TPs of C1-3

- Mastoid process and lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line of occipital bone

30
Q

Splenius Capitis and Splenius Cervicis Innervation

A
  • Dorsal rami of cervical nerves
31
Q

Splenius Capitis and Splenius Cervicis Function

A
  • Extension, lateral flexion and rotation of the head and neck
32
Q

Thoracolumbar Fascia

A
  • Deep fascia that covers and encloses deep back muscles
33
Q

Transversospinalis Muscles

A
  • Transverse process to spinous process (and lamina)

- Fill the gutter between SP and TP

34
Q

Multifidus

A
  • Prominent in lumbar region
  • Also attach to mammillary processes
  • Span 2-4 segments
35
Q

Semispinalis

A
  • Prominent in the cervical region

- Attaches to occiput

36
Q

Rotatores

A
  • Best developed in thoracic region
  • Short (brevis)
  • Long (longus)
37
Q

Interspinalis, Intertransversarii, and Levator costarum

A
  • Primarily serve a proprioceptive function

- High density of muscle spindles

38
Q

Interspinalis

A
  • Between spinous processes
39
Q

Intertransversarii

A
  • Between spinous processes
40
Q

Levator Costarum

A
  • Tips of transverse processes to ribs
41
Q

Suboccipital Muscles

A
  • Rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPm)
  • Rectus capitis posterior major (RCPM)
  • Obliquus capitis superior (OCS)
  • Obliquus capitis inferior (OCI)
42
Q

Suboccipital Triangle

A
  • Superomedial: RCPM
  • Superolateral: OCS
  • Inferolateral: OCI
  • Floor: Posterior atlantooccipital membrane
  • Roof: Semispinalis muscle
43
Q

Suboccipital Triangle Content

A
  • Vertebral artery
  • Suboccipital nerve (dorsal rami of C1)
  • Innervates suboccipital muscles
44
Q

Greater Occipital Nerve

A
  • Dorsal rami of C2
  • Not a triangle content
  • Innervates:
  • Semspinalis
  • Skin of upper neck and posterior head

Gross Anatomy (50 decks)

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