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Gross > Upper Extremity/Shoulder > Flashcards

Upper Extremity/Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the upper extremity?

A
  • Shoulder
  • Arm
  • Forearm
  • Hand
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2
Q

What are the 4 joints of the shoulder girdle?

A
  • Sternoclavicular
  • Acromioclavicular
  • Scapulothoracic
  • Glenohumeral
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3
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Synovial Joint- Saddle Joint (functions as a ball and socket joint)

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the articulating disc?

A

Functions as a shock absorber

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5
Q

What are the 4 ligaments that make up the sternoclavicular joint?

A
  1. Sternoclavicular Anterior
  2. Sternoclavicular Posterior
  3. Interclavicular
  4. Costoclavicular
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6
Q

These ligaments reinforce the capsule anteriorly and posteriorly

A

Anterior and Posterior Sternoclavicular ligament

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7
Q

This ligament strengthens the sternoclavicular ligament superiorly

  • extends from the sternal head of one clavical to the sternal head of another clavicle
  • also attached to the superior border of the manubrium
A

Interclavicular ligament

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8
Q

This ligament anchors the inferior surface of the sternal end of the clavicle to the first rib and its costal cartilage
-limits the elevation of the pectoral girdle

A

Costoclavicular ligament

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9
Q

What kind of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Synovial- planar

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10
Q

What movement is the acromioclavicular joint responsible for?

A

Gliding

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11
Q

T/F- the acromioclavicular joint has an incomplete articular wedge

A

True

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12
Q

Since the acromioclavicular joint has a wedge shaped articular disc- what does this mean for strength and movement

A

Not very strong

-The capsule is lose to facilitate movement

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13
Q

What are the ligaments associated with the acromioclavicular joint?

A
  • Acromioclavicular

- Coracoclavicular (Conoid and Trapezoid)

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14
Q

How do you differentiate between the 2 types of coracoclavicular ligaments?

A

Conoid- more verticle and medial

Trapezoid- more horizontal and lateral

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15
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Synovial- ball and socket

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16
Q

Describe the glenohumeral joint

A
  • Very little surface area
  • Great mobility
  • Little stability
  • Flex/Ex/Ab/Ad/Circumduct
17
Q

Describe the joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint

A

-Lose= so we have great range of motion

18
Q

What is the labrum?

A

The ridge of the joint capsule- helps hold the humeral head in the glenoid cavity

19
Q

Is the glenohumeral joint usually dislocated in the superior or inferior direction?

A

Inferior- because superiorly you have the acromion (stopper) and the coracoclavicular ligaments (stoppers)

20
Q

What are the ligaments in the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • Glenohumeral (3 bands)
  • Coracohumeral
  • Transverse Humeral
  • Coracoacromial Arch
21
Q

Where do the majority of labrum tears come from?

A

-The superior region and they are due to repetitive trauma

22
Q

What are the 4 anterior axioappendicular muscles?

A
  • Pectoralis Major
  • Pectoralis Minor
  • Subclavius
  • Serratus Anterior
23
Q

Where does the long thoracic nerve lie?

A

Superiorly to the serratus anterior

24
Q

Describe the significance of the position of the thoracic nerve

A
  • Since it lies superiorly it is vulnerable
  • If it is hurt you can lose function of serratus anterior
  • This results in a winged scapula
  • Can be damaged when removing the lymph nodes in breast cancer
25
Q

What are the superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles?

A

Trapezius and the Latissimus dorsi

26
Q

What are the deep posterior axioappendicular muscles

A

Levator Scapulae and Rhomboid

27
Q

What are the scapulohumeral posterior axioappendicular muscles

A
  • Deltoid
  • Teres major
  • Rotator cuff (infra, supra, subs, teres minor)
28
Q

What muscle of the rotator cuff is commonly torn?

A

Supraspinatus

29
Q

What passes through the quadrangular space

A
  • Passage of axillary nerve

- Passage of posterior circumflex humeral artery

30
Q

What muscles border the quadrangular space?

A
  • Teres major
  • Teres minor
  • Long head of triceps
  • Humerus
31
Q

What passes through the triangular space

A

The circumflex scapular artery

32
Q

What muscles surround the triangular space

A
  • Teres major
  • Teres minor
  • Long head of triceps
33
Q

What lies deep to the triangular interval?

A
  • Radial nerve

- Profunda Brachii Artery

34
Q

What muscles make up the triangular interval?

A
  • Teres major
  • Long head of triceps
  • Humerus
35
Q

What happens if you have an injury to your axillary nerve?

A
  • Lose teres minor and axillary function

- Don’t lose lateral rotation because the infraspinatus picks up that function

Gross (45 decks)

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