Upper Extremity/Shoulder Flashcards
What are the components of the upper extremity?
- Shoulder
- Arm
- Forearm
- Hand
What are the 4 joints of the shoulder girdle?
- Sternoclavicular
- Acromioclavicular
- Scapulothoracic
- Glenohumeral
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
Synovial Joint- Saddle Joint (functions as a ball and socket joint)
What is the purpose of the articulating disc?
Functions as a shock absorber
What are the 4 ligaments that make up the sternoclavicular joint?
- Sternoclavicular Anterior
- Sternoclavicular Posterior
- Interclavicular
- Costoclavicular
These ligaments reinforce the capsule anteriorly and posteriorly
Anterior and Posterior Sternoclavicular ligament
This ligament strengthens the sternoclavicular ligament superiorly
- extends from the sternal head of one clavical to the sternal head of another clavicle
- also attached to the superior border of the manubrium
Interclavicular ligament
This ligament anchors the inferior surface of the sternal end of the clavicle to the first rib and its costal cartilage
-limits the elevation of the pectoral girdle
Costoclavicular ligament
What kind of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
Synovial- planar
What movement is the acromioclavicular joint responsible for?
Gliding
T/F- the acromioclavicular joint has an incomplete articular wedge
True
Since the acromioclavicular joint has a wedge shaped articular disc- what does this mean for strength and movement
Not very strong
-The capsule is lose to facilitate movement
What are the ligaments associated with the acromioclavicular joint?
- Acromioclavicular
- Coracoclavicular (Conoid and Trapezoid)
How do you differentiate between the 2 types of coracoclavicular ligaments?
Conoid- more verticle and medial
Trapezoid- more horizontal and lateral
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
Synovial- ball and socket
Describe the glenohumeral joint
- Very little surface area
- Great mobility
- Little stability
- Flex/Ex/Ab/Ad/Circumduct
Describe the joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint
-Lose= so we have great range of motion
What is the labrum?
The ridge of the joint capsule- helps hold the humeral head in the glenoid cavity
Is the glenohumeral joint usually dislocated in the superior or inferior direction?
Inferior- because superiorly you have the acromion (stopper) and the coracoclavicular ligaments (stoppers)
What are the ligaments in the glenohumeral joint?
- Glenohumeral (3 bands)
- Coracohumeral
- Transverse Humeral
- Coracoacromial Arch
Where do the majority of labrum tears come from?
-The superior region and they are due to repetitive trauma
What are the 4 anterior axioappendicular muscles?
- Pectoralis Major
- Pectoralis Minor
- Subclavius
- Serratus Anterior
Where does the long thoracic nerve lie?
Superiorly to the serratus anterior
Describe the significance of the position of the thoracic nerve
- Since it lies superiorly it is vulnerable
- If it is hurt you can lose function of serratus anterior
- This results in a winged scapula
- Can be damaged when removing the lymph nodes in breast cancer
What are the superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles?
Trapezius and the Latissimus dorsi
What are the deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
Levator Scapulae and Rhomboid
What are the scapulohumeral posterior axioappendicular muscles
- Deltoid
- Teres major
- Rotator cuff (infra, supra, subs, teres minor)
What muscle of the rotator cuff is commonly torn?
Supraspinatus
What passes through the quadrangular space
- Passage of axillary nerve
- Passage of posterior circumflex humeral artery
What muscles border the quadrangular space?
- Teres major
- Teres minor
- Long head of triceps
- Humerus
What passes through the triangular space
The circumflex scapular artery
What muscles surround the triangular space
- Teres major
- Teres minor
- Long head of triceps
What lies deep to the triangular interval?
- Radial nerve
- Profunda Brachii Artery
What muscles make up the triangular interval?
- Teres major
- Long head of triceps
- Humerus
What happens if you have an injury to your axillary nerve?
- Lose teres minor and axillary function
- Don’t lose lateral rotation because the infraspinatus picks up that function
