Foot Flashcards
What are the tarsal bones?
- Talus
- Calcaneus
- Navicular
- Cuboid
- Medial, intermediate, and lateral Cuniform
How many metatarsals are there?
5
How many phalanges are there
14
Anatomically, the foot is divided into…
- Tarsus
- Metatarsus
- Phalanges
What are the clinical/functional divisions of the foot
- Hindfoot
- Midfoot
- Forefoot
What does the hindfoot include
- Talus
- Calcaneus
What does the midfoot include
- Navicular
- Cuboid
- 3 cuneiforms
What does the forefoot contain
- Metatarsals
- Phalanges
What is the only foot bone that articulates with the leg bone
Talus
Where is the trochlea of the talus
Superior surface that articulates with the tibia
What 2 ways is body weight distributed on the talus?
- directly inferior through its body to the calcaneus
- Anteroinfromedially through the neck and the head to the navicular and the calcaneus
How many muscles attach to the talus
NONEEEEE
What is the largest strongest bone in the foot
Calcaneus
Where does the calcaneus transmit weight to?
-Majority of weight goes to the ground
What does the calcaneus articulate with?
- Cuboid
- Talus
What bone articulates with the navicular
- The head of the talus
- Cuboid
- Cuneiforms
Which direction of the navicular is the tuberosity placed
Medially
What side (medial/lateral) of the navicular is in contact with the ground
- Lateral side YES
- Medial side NO
What bones articulate with the navicular
- 3 cuneiforms
- cuboid
- talus
What bone has the groove for the fibularis longus
Cuboid
the groove is on the plantar side of the foot
The talocrural joint is responsible for what movements
- Main ankle joint
- Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
The subtalar joint is responsible for what movement? And what bones make it up
- Inversion/Eversion
- The talus and the calcaneous
What 2 joints make up the transverse tarsal joint?
- Talonavicular
- Calcaneocuboid
What movement does the transverse tarsal joint do
Pronation/Supination
What type of joint is the proximotibiofibular joint
Synovial planar joint
-superior and inferior gliding
What ligaments support the proximal tibiofibular joint
- Anterior and posterior ligaments of the fibular head
- Interosseous membrane
What type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint
Syndesmoses
When does gliding at the proximal tibiofibular joint occue
Dorsiflexion of the taocrural joint
-the trochlea of the talus wedges between the malleoli
The crural tibiofibular interosseous ligament is continuous with the…
More superior interosseous membrane
What ligaments support the distal tibiofibular joint
- Crural tibiofibular interosseous ligament
- Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligament
- Interosseous membrane
What type of joint is the tolocrural joint? Where does the axis lie?
Synovial hinge joint
-Axis runs transversely through the malleoli
What are the lateral walls of the talocrural joint and what fits into the center
- Lateral walls=malleoli
- In=trochlea of the talus
What part of the fibula is in this joint
-Medial surface of the lateral malleolus
with the lateral surface of the malleolus
What are the 2 places that the tibia articulates with the trochlea
- Inferior surface of the tibia with the superior surface of the trochlea
- Medial malleolus with the medial surface of the trochlea
RECAP- What are the movements of the talocrural joint
Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
Describe dorsiflexion and the talocrural joint
- Dorsiflexion is STABLE
- Trochlea is wedged tightly into the mortise in this position
- Bc trochlea is widest ANTERIORLY
Describe plantarflexion
- Plantarflexion is unstable
- More narrow part of the trochlea is loosely in the mortise
- Allows ab/ad inv/ever to occur
Is the trochlea of the talus wider anteriorly or posteriorly
Anteriorly
The inferior and medial articulations at the mortise are between the…
Tibia and the talus
The lateral articulation is between the…
Fibula and the talus
What is the ligament that reinforces the joint capsule on the medial side
-Medial ligament of the ankle (Deltoid Ligament)
What are the components of the deltoid ligament
- Anterior tibiotalar
- Posterior tibiotalor
- Tibionavicular
- Tibiocalcaneal
Where does the Medial ligament of the ankle (Deltoid Ligament) span from
- Medial malleolus
- Talus
- Calcaneus
- Navicular bone
What does the Medial ligament of the ankle (Deltoid Ligament) prevent
Eversion of the foot
What composes the lateral ligament of the ankle
- 3 SEPERATE STRUCTURE
- Anterior talofibular
- Posterior talofibular
- Calcaneofibular
This is a weak band that extends from the lateral malleolus to the neck of the talus
Anterior talofibular ligament
This is a thick and fairly strong band that runs horizontally and medially from the malleolus to the lateral surface of the talus
Posterior talofibular ligament
This ligament extends from the tip of the malleolus to the lateral surface of the calcaneus
Calcaneofibular ligament
What lateral ligament is the strongest?
Posterior talofibular
When are the lateral ligaments taut?
Inversion
-so they resist hyperinversion
