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Gross > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 characteristics of the neck region

A
  • Passageway from cranium to trunk
  • Permits great flexibility
  • Crowded area
  • Vulnerable
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2
Q

What is the majority of the neck made of?

A

Soft tissue

-only 2 bones are in the neck

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3
Q

What are the 2 bony structures in the neck

A
  • Cervical vertebrae

- Hyoid Bone

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4
Q

Describe the hyoid bone

A
  • Moveable base for tongue

- Used for speaking, swallowing, and holding the pharynx open

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5
Q

Clinical correlation of cervical pain

A

Can be due to many things…

  • Uncinate Processes
  • Nerve encroachment
  • Lymph nodes
  • Metastatic cancer
  • Muscle strain or sprain
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6
Q

Clinical correlation of a fractured hypoid bone

A
  • Can be fractured during strangulation

- Could crush the airway

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7
Q

Describe the atlas

A
  • No vertebral body
  • Ring shaped
  • No spinous process
  • Concave superior facets
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8
Q

Describe the axis

A

-Odontoid process

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9
Q

Describe the atlanto-occipital joint

A

Synovial–> Condyloid

-Yes movement

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10
Q

Describe the atlanto-axial joints

A

Synovial Joints

  • 2 planar (facets)
  • 1 Pivot (around the dens)
  • No movement
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11
Q

What ligaments is the anterior longitudinal ligament continuous with?

A
  • Anterior atlanto-axial membrane

- Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

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12
Q

What ligaments is the Ligamentum flavum continuous with

A
  • Posterior atlanto-axial membrane

- Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

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13
Q

What are the ligaments of the atlanto-axial joint? (4)

A
  1. Cruciate ligament
    - Transverse (holds C1 against the dens)
    - Superior and Inferior Longitudinal Bands
  2. Alar Ligaments
  3. Accessory Part of the Tectorial Membrane
  4. Tectorial Membrane
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14
Q

What is in the subcutaneous fascia of the neck?

A
  • Platysma Muscle
  • Lose connective tissue and fat
  • Cutaneous Nerves
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15
Q

Characteristics of the platysma muscle?

A
  • Very thin

- Atrophies easily

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16
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the deep cervical fascia?

A
  • Investing fascia
  • Pretrachial Fascia
  • Prevertebral Fascia
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17
Q

This fascia…

  • Is a muscular layer
  • Envelopes the entire neck
  • Splits to in close the SCM and trapezius muscles
A

Investing Fascia

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18
Q

This fascia…

-Has a muscular and visceral layer

A

Pretrachial Fascia

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19
Q

Describe the muscular layer of the pretrachial fascia

A

Encloses the infrahyoid muscles

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20
Q

Describe the visceral layer of the pretrachial fascia

A

Surrounds the thyroid, larynx, trachea, pharynx, and esophagus

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21
Q

This fascia…

  • Is muscular
  • Surrounds cervical vertebral column and associated muscles
A

Prevertebral fascia

22
Q

What 3 things does the carotid sheath enclose?

A
  • Common carotid artery
  • Internal jugular vein
  • Vagus nerve
23
Q

Does the Prevertebral fascia continue into the thorax?

A

Yes- it continues into the thorax as the endothoracic fascia

24
Q

Describe the correlation of the Prevertebral fascia and the brachioplexus

A

-The Prevertebral fascia goes along parts of the Brachial Plexus and becomes the axillary sheath

25
Q

What is the name of the fascia that crosses the midline and connects the carotid sheaths together?

A

Alar fascia

26
Q

What are the boundaries of the investing fascia?

A
  • Skull
  • Angle of the mandible
  • Mastoid process
  • Superior nuchal line
27
Q

This is between the Prevertebral fascia and the Pretrachial Fascia

  • Potential route of spread from the tonsils
  • Continuous space
A

Retropharyngeal Space

28
Q

What is the main purpose of fascia in the neck

A

To allow for smooth movements

29
Q

What is the purpose of the regions of the neck?

A

-Descriptive purposes

30
Q

What are the 4 main regions of the neck?

A
  1. Anterior cervical region
  2. SCM region
  3. Lateral cervical region
  4. Posterior cervical region
31
Q

What are the contents of the SCM region?

A
  • SCM muscle
  • Platysma muscle
  • External jugular vein
  • Erbs Point Nerves
32
Q

What does the SCM muscle contain?

A
  • Investing fascia

- Superficial subcutaneous tissue

33
Q

What is the main action of the SCM muscle?

A

Unilateral Side Bending and contralateral rotation

34
Q

What are the 3 bilateral actions of the SCM?

A
  1. Posterior fibers extend atlanto-occipital joint
  2. Flexion of head and cranial column (chin to chest)
  3. Chin thrust in horizontal plane
35
Q

What are similarities between the trap and the SCM?

A
  • Come from the same investing fascia that split apart
  • Innervated by the Accessory Nerve
  • Receive proprioception from spinal nerves
36
Q

Describe where the external jugular vein is located

A

-Crosses the superficial surface of SCM

37
Q

Where does the External Jugular vein drain blood from?

A

Lateral scalp and the face

38
Q

What are the 2 Erbs point nerves?

A
  1. Transverse cervical

2. Great Auricular

39
Q

Which general direction does the transverse cervical nerve travel?

A

From Erb’s point more Inferomedial

40
Q

Which general direction does the great auricular nerve travel?

A

From Erb’s point more vertically to go behind the ear

41
Q

What is the clinical correlation of Torticollis?

A
  • Ry Neck
  • unilateral spasm of SCM
  • Mostly congenital and happens after birth
  • Can be caused by calcified hematoma or fibrous growth
  • Usually injured during childbirth
42
Q

Describe jugular vein distention

A
  • Excess pressure of the heart can be measured here because it is close to the surface of the body
  • Seen in CHF and the pressure is built up and seen in this vein
43
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior cervical region?

A
  • Midline
  • Ascending fibers of the trapezius to C7
  • Splenius
  • Semispinalis
  • Suboccipital Triangle
44
Q

What are the contents of the posterior cervical region?

A
  • Vertebral Artery

- Suboccipital nerves

45
Q

What are the boundaries of the lateral cervical region?

A
  • Posterior border of SCM
  • Anterior trapezius
  • Middle 1/3 of clavicle
46
Q

What is the lateral cervical region divided into?

A
  • Occipital Triangle

- Omoclavicular Triangle

47
Q

What are the boundaries of the occipital triangle?

A
  • SCM
  • Omohyoid
  • Anterior Trap
48
Q

What are the boundaries of the Omoclavicular triangle?

A
  • Omohyoid
  • SCM
  • Clavicle
49
Q

What is located in the occipital triangle?

A
  • Brachial plexus
  • Levator Scapulae
  • Middle scalene
  • Anterior scalene
50
Q

What is located in the Omoclavicular triangle?

A
  • Right subclavian vein

- Suprascapular artery

Gross (45 decks)

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