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Gross > Knee Cont > Flashcards

Knee Cont Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 components of the synovial joint?

A
  • External fibrous capsule

- Internal synovial membrane

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2
Q

Is the external fibrous capsule complete in the knee joint?

A

NO- incomplete where the popliteus tendon pierces it

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3
Q

What does the synovial membrane separate?

A

The inside of the joint into medial and lateral compartments

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4
Q

Infra-articular describes being within the ______

A

-Synovium

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5
Q

What does the synovium line?

A

Any part of the knee that is covered with cartilage

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6
Q

Posteriorly, the knee capsule is most defined, anteriorly it is not. What is continuous with the knee capsule anteriorly?

A

-The quadriceps tendon –> patella –> patellar ligament

act like the capsule

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7
Q

Describe the position of the cruciate ligament

A

Intracapsular yet extra articular

-Occupy a space within the external capsule BUT not within the synovial cavity

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8
Q

Are the menisci within the synovial cavity?

A

No

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9
Q

What is the suprapatellar bursa continuous with?

A

Synovial cavity

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10
Q

What are the 5 extracapsular ligaments of the knee?

A
  • Patellar ligament
  • Tibial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
  • Fibular Collateral Ligament (LCL)
  • Oblique Popliteal Ligament
  • Arcuate Popliteal Ligament
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11
Q

This is the inferior part of the quadriceps tendon that runs to the tibial tuberosity

A

Patellar tendon

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12
Q

This is an extension of the vastus medialis muscle and the deep fascia

A

Medial patellar retincula

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13
Q

What is the lateral patellar retinacula an extension of?

A

Vastus lateralis

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14
Q

What are the roles of the medial and lateral patellar retinaculum?

A
  • Contribute to joint capsule
  • Maintain the alignment of the patella
  • Keep the vertical ridge of the patella on the condylar groove
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15
Q

This ligament rises posterior to the medial condyle of the tibia and runs superolaterally to the lateral femoral condyle and blends with the capsule joint

A

Oblique popliteal ligament

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16
Q

What is the oblique popliteal ligament an extension of?

A

The semimembranosus muscle

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17
Q

This ligament arises from the posterior fibular head and passes superomedially over popliteus muscle
-spreads over the posterior surface of the knee joint

A

Arcuate popliteal ligament

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18
Q

What tendon goes the arcuate popliteal ligament spread over?

A

Tendon of popliteus muscle

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19
Q

What movement do the oblique and arcuate ligaments prevent?

A

Prevent hyperextension

20
Q

What muscle is the arcuate ligament derieved from?

A

The biceps femorus tendon

21
Q

Describe the Tibial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

-where does it run

A
  • Broad and thick

- Runs from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia

22
Q

When is the MCL taut?

A
  • Full extension

- Tibial external rotation (Valgus stress- opening of the medial joint)

23
Q

What movement does the MCL limit?

A

Lateral rotation of the tibia when the knee is in flexion

24
Q

Some of the MCL fibers blend with the…

A

Medial meniscus

25
Q

What ligament is stronger, the MCL or the LCL

A

LCL is stronger

26
Q

Describe the Fibular Collateral Ligament (LCL)

A
  • Thinner but stronger

- Runs from the lateral femoral epicondyle to the head of the fibula

27
Q

Do the fibers of the LCL blend with anything?

A

NOPE

28
Q

What movement does the LCL resist?

A

Varus stress

Opens up the space between the lateral condyles

29
Q

When is the LCL taut?

A
  • Full extension

- Internal rotation of the tibia

30
Q

This muscle occupies the space between the LCL and the lateral menisucs

A

Popliteus muscle

31
Q

What does the LCL sit between on the head of the fibula

A

The tendons of the biceps femorus long and short head

32
Q

These structures always aintain contact between the femur and the tibia

A

Cruciate ligaments

33
Q

How are the cruciate ligaments oriented?

A

-Obliquely and they wind around eachother in rotation

34
Q

In knee flexion, _____ rotation is limited, while ____ roation is considerably more

A

Medial rotation is limited

-Lateral rotation is way more

35
Q

What is the main purpose of the ACL? (3)

A
  • Limits the femoral condyles from rolling in flexion
  • Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia
  • Prevents hyperextension
36
Q

Describe the location of the ACL

A
  • Arises in the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia

- Extends superioposterolaterally to the medial side of the lateral femoral condyle

37
Q

Describe the purpose of the PCL

A
  • Limits the femur from sliding forward on the tibia (anterior displacement)
  • Limits the anterior rolling of the femoral condyles in extension
  • Main stabilizer
38
Q

This ligament joins the lateral meniscus to the PCL and the medial femoral condyle

A

Posterior Meniscofemoral ligament

39
Q

What composes the meniscus

A

Fibrocartilage

40
Q

Where do the meniscus sit and what is their job?

A
  • Sit on the tibial plateau
  • Their margins attach to the joint capsule of the knee
  • Deepen the surface and absorb shock
41
Q

Review!! What is the medial meniscus adherent to? How does this effect it?

A

The MCL

-Makes it less mobile that the lateral meniscus

42
Q

What assist in the mobility of the lateral meniscus?

A

The contraction of the popliteus muscle

43
Q

What is an “unhappy triad”

A 
Tear in the...
-ACL
-MCL
-Medial menisus 
(makes sense that the MCL and medial meniscus are town together bc they are connected)
44
Q

What is critical for the strength of the knee joint?

A

-Strong musculature

45
Q

What is the important role of the vastus medialis muscle (oblique muscles)

A

It combats the pull of the patella and keeps the patella in the groove of the femur

Gross (45 decks)

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