Pharynx Flashcards
This is the alimentary layer of the neck viscera
Pharynx
What are the 3 components of the nasopharynx
- Choanae
- Pharyngeal tonsils
- Pharyngotympanic tube
This is the posterior border of the nasal conchae and you have to go through this to get to the nasal pharynx
Choanae
This connects the middle ear to the nasal pharynx
Pharyngotympanic tube
What is the purpose of the pharyngotympanic tube?
- Get atmospheric air to middle ear
- Middle ear ventilation
What is located in the oropharynx
The palatine tonsils
This is partly shared with the alimentary tract
The laryngopharynx
What are the 2 components in the laryngopharynx?
- Piriform fossa
- Esophagus
Describe the piriform fossas/recess
it is between the pharynx and the outer surface of the epiglottis
-where your food goes when you swallow
This is the outer edge of the epiglottis?
Aryepiglottic fold
Where does the pharynx begin?
-Basilar part of the occipital bone
Where does the pharynx end?
-Inferior border of cricoid cartilage
In your pharynx, where are your circular and longitudinal muscles?
- Circular= internal
- Long=external
What are the pharyngeal constrictor muscles
- superior
- middle
- inferior
What innervates the pharyngeal constrictor muscles?
-Vagus nerve
Describe the fibers in the autonomic nerve
-Autonomic nerve with parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers
What are the longitudinal pharyngeal muscles?
- Stylopharyngeus
- Salpingopharyngeus
- Palatopharyngeus
What innervates the stylopharyngeus
Glossopharyngeal
What innervates salpingopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus?
Vagus nerve
What are the unpaired cartilages of the larynx
- Epiglottis
- Thyroid
- Cricoid
What are the paired cartilages of the larynx
- Arytenoid
- Corniculate
- Cuneiform
This protects the opening of the trachea and it is made of elastic cartillage
Epiglottis
This ligament is the first projection off of the cricoid cartilage
-Arytenoid cartilage
This cartilage arises from the arytenoid cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
This cartilage holds the mucosa on the walls lateral to the epiglottis
Cuneiform cartilage
- This prohibits the epiglottis from sagging and blocking the airway
- inlet to the larynx
- Folds run in an oblique plane
Aryepiglottic fold
This is the opening of the laryngopharynx to the larynx
Aditus
Describe the vestibular folds
-Fake vocal cords and they are used for protection
What is the space between the vestibular folds and the vocal folds
ventricle
These 2 structures make up the true vocal folds
- Vocal ligament
- Vocalis muscle
The conus elasticus is made up of these 2 components
- vocal ligament
- lateral cricothryoid ligament
What covers the vocal folds?
Mucosa
What is the opening of the glottis called?
Rema
When does the rema glottis exist?
When the true vocal folds are open
What plane are the glottis structures in?
Horizontal plane
T/F- The larynx is osteomembranous
True
What is the purpose of the laryngeal muscles?
- Voluntary
- Frequency and intensity of voice are controlled here
What are the 6 laryngeal muscles?
- Cricothyroid
- Cricoarytenoid
- Transverse arytenoid
- Oblique Arytenoid
- Thyroarytenoid
- Vocalis
These muscles abduct and open the rema
- Cricothryoid
- Cricoarytenoid
These muscles adduct the vocal folds and close the rema
- Transverse arytenoid
- Oblique Arytenoid
- Thyroarytenoid
- Vocalis
What innervates the laryngeal muscles
The recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve
Describe the movement of the cricoarytenoids and the 2 types
- lateral and posterior
- glide, swivel, and tilt
What are the pre-vertebral muscles of the neck? The deep ones
- Longus colli
- longus capitus
- rectus capitus anterior
- rectus capitus lateralis
- scalenes (ant, mid, post)
