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Gross > Axilla and Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Axilla and Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the contents of the axilla?

A
  • Axillary artery
  • Scapular Anastomoses
  • Axillary vein
  • Axillary lymph nodes
  • Cords and branches of the brachial plexus
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2
Q

What are the superior boundaries of the axilla?

A
  • Cervicoaxillary canal

- 1st rib and clavicle

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3
Q

What are the inferior boundries of the axilla?

A

Axillary fascia

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4
Q

What are the medial boundaries of the axilla?

A

Upper ribs

-Serratus anterior

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5
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the axilla?

A

-intertubercular groove

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6
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the axilla?

A
  • Attaches to the lateral lip

- Pectoralis Major

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7
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the axilla?

A

-Scapula

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8
Q

What are the branches of the axillary artery?

A
  • Superior Thoracic Branch
  • Thoracoacromial Branch
  • Subscapular Branch
  • Humeral Circumflex (posterior and anterior)
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9
Q

What branches/arteries come off of the Superior Thoracic Branch?

A

-Superior Thoracic Artery

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10
Q

What branches/arteries come off of the thoracoacromial branch?

A

DCPA

  • Deltoid Artery
  • Clavicular Artery
  • Pectoral Artery
  • Acromial Artery
  • Lateral Thoracic Artery
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11
Q

What are the branches of Subscapular Trunk?

A
  • Subscapular artery
  • Thoracodorsal Artery
  • Posterior Circumflex Artery
  • Anterior Circumflex Artery
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12
Q

Where does the superior thoracic branch lie?

A

In the 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces

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13
Q

Where does the pectoral artery lie?

A

Under the pectoralis minor

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14
Q

Where does the thoracodorsal artery go?

A

It follows the thoracodorsal nerve and it goes to the Latissimus dorsi

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15
Q

What is the goal of the scapular anastomoses?

A

-Recurring pattern of redundant blood supply so if you have an injury to one artery- the blood still gets to the scapula

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16
Q

What are the 4 arteries that make up the scapular anastomose?

A
  • suprascapular artery
  • dorsal scapular artery
  • posterior intercostalis artery
  • circumflex scapular artery
17
Q

What are the types of lymph nodes in the axilla?

A
  • Humeral
  • Pectoral
  • Scapular
  • Central
  • Apical
18
Q

What lymph nodes drain into the central lymph node?

A
  • Humeral
  • Pectoral
  • Scapular
19
Q

What lymph node drains into the apical lymph node?

A

Central (and all other previous contents)

20
Q

Where does the apical lymph node drain into?

A

The venous angle to go back into circulation

21
Q

Describe the brachial plexus

A
  • Major nerve network of the upper extremity
  • This expanded enlargements causes the cervical enlargement
  • consists of anterior rami of spinal nerves
22
Q

T/F- The roots of the brachial plexus are bidirectional?

A

True

23
Q

What is the order of divisions of the brachial plexus?

A
  • Roots
  • Trucks
  • Divisions
  • Cords
  • Branches
24
Q

What are the roots that make up the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

25
Q

What are the 3 trucks of the brachial plexus?

A
  • Superior
  • Middle
  • Inferior
26
Q

Where are the divisions located in the brachial plexus?

A

under the clavicle

27
Q

Where do the anterior divisions innervate?

A

Anterior parts of the arm

28
Q

Where do the posterior divisions innervate?

A

The posterior parts of the arm

29
Q

What are the 3 cords?

A

Lateral
Posterior
Medial

30
Q

What does the posterior cord turn into?

A

Divides into axillary and radial branches

31
Q

What does the medial cord turn into?

A

Ulnar Nerve

32
Q

What are 4 supraclavicaluar side branches?

A
  • Dorsal Scapular
  • Long Thoracic Nerve
  • Suprascapular
  • Nerve to Subclavius
33
Q

What are the subclavicular side branches?

A
  • Lateral Pectoral Nerve
  • Upper subscapular
  • Middle subscapular (thoracodorsal)
  • Lower subscapular
  • Medial Pectoral
  • Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
  • Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
34
Q

What branches come off the posterior cord?

A
  • Upper subscapular
  • Middle subscapular (thoracodorsal)
  • Lower subscapular
35
Q

What branches come off the medial cord?

A
  • Medial Pectoral
  • Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
  • Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
36
Q

What happens in a upper brachial plexus injury?

A
  • Caused- tearing or ripping or thrashing neck trauma
  • Results in lack of abduction and external rotation
  • Soooo symptoms would be that your arm is adducted and medially rotated slightly
37
Q

What happens in a lower brachial plexus injury?

A

Klumpke Paralysis

  • upper extremity is forcefully pulled away from the thorax
  • C8 or T1
  • Symptoms- claw hand (the 4th and 5th digits are extended and the other 3 are more fist like)
  • Ulnar nerve paralysis

Gross (45 decks)

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