Head Cont. Flashcards
What are the 3 salivary glands?
-Parotid
-Submandibular
-Sublingual
Where does the parotid sheath travel?
Through the buccinators, near the upper 2nd molar, and empties into the oral vestibule
What nerve serves the parotid gland?
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
-Parasympathetic that travels through the otic ganglion
This gland has a duct that travels under the tongue and it travels laterally to the thing that holds the tongue down
Submandibular
What innervates the submandibular nerve?
Parasympathetic from the mandibular ganglion
Does the sublingual have a duct?
No- it just goes up through the floor under the tongue and there is not a specific duct
Where is the apex of the orbit located?
At the optic canal
What are the contents of the orbit?
-Eye
-Extraoccular muscles
-Lacrimal gland
-Fat (bc it is a pyramid shape with a sphere in it)
What innervates the lacrimal gland?
Facial Nerve- parasympathetic secretomotor
-also goes to the buccus gland and the nose
What are the contents of the lacrimal apparatus?
-Lacrimal gland
-Lacrimal lake
-Papilla
-Punctum
-Canaliculi
-Lacrimal Sac
-Nasolacrimal Duct
What are the 2 chambers of the eye? and what seperates them?
-Anterior and Posterior
-Seperated by the iris and the pupil connects them
What compartment has chambers? and what are they?
-Anterior compartment has anterior and posterior chambers
What are the 3 layers of the eye?
-Outside= Fibrous, the dural mater forms the sclera
-Middle= Vascular- spread out in the coroid layer, contains the cilirary body and the iris
- This is where inflammation occurs (bc cant have inflammation without vessels)
-Inner= Neural Layer
What is secreted by the superior conjunctival fornix?
-A lipid substance so your eye doesn’t stick together
What is the purpose of the tarsal plate?
-Gives rigidity to the upper plate and lifts upper lid
What 2 things does the ciliary body contain?
-Ciliary muscle and ciliary process
What is the significance of the iridocorneal angle?
-Aqueous humor drains back into the veins here
What happens if you have poor drainage in the iridocorneal angle?
Increase in fluid= increase in pressure= glaucoma due to the pressure on the nerve
What are the extra-occular muscles?
-Levator palpebrae superioris
-Superior oblique
-Inferior oblique
-Superior rectus
-Inferior rectus
-Medial rectus
-Lateral rectus
What movements does the eye do around the vertical axis?
-Abduction
-Adduction
What movements does the eye do around the horizontal axis?
-Elevation
-depression
Describe what happens in extorsion
The superior iris rotates laterally on the visual axis
Describe what happens in intorsion
The superior rectus rotates medially on the visual axis
What nerves are included in the orbit?
-Optic (2)
-Oculomotor (3)
-Trochlear (4)
-Abducens (6)
-Branches of opthalamic division of CN 5
What does the external nose consist of?
-Bones
-Cartilage
-Nares
-Septum
What does the nasal cavity consist of?
-Nasal mucosa
-Conchae (superior, middle, and inferior)
What conchae are part of the ethmoid bone?
Superior and middle conchae
What separate the conchae?
The superior, middle, and inferior meadus
What lies posterior to the conchae?
Nasopharynx
What is the purpose of the sinuses?
-Lighten the bone
-Connect to respiratory tract
-Lined with mucosa
-Innervated
What are the 4 sinuses?
-Frontal
-Ethmoid
-Sphenoid
-Maxillary
What is the middle nasal meatus?
Opening between the frontal and maxillary sinuses
If you have conductive hearing loss, where does the damage occur?
-Outer window to the oval window that connects to the stapes
If you have sensory neural hearing loss, where does the damage occur?
Damage to the cochlea
______ is in contact with the TM
Malleus
What is the purpose for the TM?
-Equalizes pressure and allows for vibration amplification system
What landmark starts the inner ear?
-The oval window
At the oval window, the environment goes from _____ to _____?
Air to fluid environment
Perilymph is ________, and _______ is inside
Outside, and inside
This muscle acts on the malleus and lessens the vibrations to protect the cochlea
Tensor Tympani Muscle
This muscle attaches to the stapes and lessens the virations to protect the cochlea
Stapedius Muscle
What are the 3 fossae of the cranial base?
-Anterior, middle, and posterior
What are the 2 layers of the dura mater?
-Periosteal layer
-Meningeal Layer
Describe the dural folds?
Extensions of ONLY the meningeal mater
What are the dural sinuses?
They function like veins- they take venous blood from head and they drain them out of the head
What do arachnoid granulations do?
Return fluid to venous blood
What are the pits called that the arachnoid granulations form?
-Granular fovelae
Where is the CSF secreted?
Venticles
Is reabsorbtion constant in the brain?
Yes- too much CSF pushes on the brain and results in hydrocephalus
Describe a subdural hematoma
-Venous bleeds
-Low pressure
-Blood spreads across surface
-Below meningeal layer
Describe an epidural hematoma
-arterial
-under pressure
What are the 5 divisions of the brain?
-Cerebrum
-Diencephalon
-Cerebellum
-Brainstem
-Ventricular system
What nerve separates the cerebellar and the cerebral arteries of the circle of willis
Oculomotor
