Knee Flashcards
What type of joint is the knee?
Synovial hinge joint
What types of movement are permitted by the knee joint?
- Gliding
- Rolling
- Some rotation
- Flexion and extension
Where is the fulcrum in the knee joint?
Fulcrum between 2 levels
What are some components that make the knee joint stronger?
- Intrinsic, intracapsular, and extrinsic ligaments
- Splinting by tendons
- Mencius
Describe genu valgus
- Q angle is exaggerated of the knee that causes the lower leg to point laterally
- This increases the amount of space between the medial condyles, while decreasing the space between the lateral condyles
Describe genu varum
- The Q angle is exaggerated in the opposite direction
- Extra stress is placed on the medial meniscus
- There is an extra space between the lateral condyles
- Results in arthrosis
What are the primary movements of the knee joint?
Flexion and Extension
-some gliding and rolling
In the knee joint, what bone is fixed?
Tibia is FIXED
-The femur rotates on top of it
Are the condyles on the femur concave or convex?
Femoral condyles = convex
The articular surface of the femoral condyles extends superiorly on the (anterior or posterior) aspect?
Posterior aspect
What is the larger femoral epicondyle?
The medial epicondyle is LARGER
This is relatively flat for the articulation with the femur
Tibial plateau
The medial side of the tibial plateau is _____ while the lateral side is ______
Medial= concave Lateral= Convex
What is the MAIN thing that keeps the bones of the knee joint stable?
The MUSCLES
T/F- The knee is most stable when standing
True
In the knee joint, is there more lateral or medial rotation?
More lateral rotation!!
What is the main job of the menisci in relation to the knee joint itself?
Deepen the socket
The patella is the largest _____ bone in the body
Sesamoid
What bone(s) does the patella articulate with?
The femur ONLY
Explain the mechanical advantage of the patella?
-Pulls the Quad tendon away from the tibial tuberosity (more anteriorly) and farther from the joints axis
Where does the vertical ridge of the deep surface of the patella track on the femur?
In the intercondylar groove
What are the 3 main bursa around the knee?
- Suprapatellar bursa
- Prepatellar bursa
- Infrapatellar bursa (deep and superficial)
Where does the suprapatellar bursae lie
This bursa lies deep to the tendon of quadriceps femorus, superior to the knee joint
What is the suprapatellar bursae continuous with?
Joint space- so there is a potential risk of spreading of infection
What holds the suprapatellar bursa superiorly?
The articular muscle of the knee
These 2 bursa allow the skin to move freely around the knee as it bends
-Prepatellar
-Superficial infrapatellar
(because they are located closest to the skin)
This separates the deep Infrapatellar bursae from the joint space
Infrapatellar fat pad
